Learning and Motivation 76 (2021) 101767 0023-9690/© 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Visual media and learning: Effect of interactive television instruction as an intervention strategy for improving the critical thinking skills and disposition of out-of-school nomadic children in Nigeria Verlumun Celestine Gever a, *, Elif Asude Tunca a , Aiyesimoju Ayodeji Boluwatife b , Victor Chibueze Nwogbo c , Blessing N. Chinweobo-Onuoha c , Joel C. Ugwuoke c , Felix Olajide Talabi d a European University of Lefke, Faculty of Communication Sciences, Department of New Media and Journalism, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin, Turkey b Department of Mass Communication, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria c Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria d Department of Mass Communication, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Critical thinking Skills Disposition Out-of-school Nomadic children Interaction television ABSTRACT Out-of-school nomadic children are at the risk of demonstrating low critical thinking skills and disposition because of a number of reasons-they lack access to formal education, their parents are largely illiterate, they associate mainly with children in their category. This study was conducted to determine if interactive television instruction will be effective in improving the critical thinking skills and propensity of out-of-school nomadic children. The researchers applied quasi- experimental design and collected data with the use of two scales. The result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that although there was no difference in the critical thinking skills and disposition of the respondents at Time 1, out-of-school children who received the intervention reported higher score in their critical thinking skills and disposition at Time 2 and Time 3 accordingly while those who did not receive the intervention did not report any signifcant improvement in their critical thinking skills and disposition. 1. Introduction Critical thinking skill is one of the important mental assets that a person needs to be able to leave as an independent individual. Critical thinking skill is important because it will assist individuals to analyse situations before taking actions, instead of acting impulsively. The possession of critical thinking skill is important not only to the individual but to those around him or her as well as the genera society. This is because people who lack critical thinking skills will very likely engage in actions that are not based on a deep * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: Encyclopeadia100@gmail.com (V.C. Gever), etunca@eul.edu.tr (E.A. Tunca), ayoaiyesimoju@gmail.com, aiyesimoju@jabu. edu.ng (A.A. Boluwatife), victor.nwogbo@unn.edu.ng (V.C. Nwogbo), blessing.chinweobo-onuoha@unn.edu.ng (B.N. Chinweobo-Onuoha), chinedu.ugwuoke@unn.edu.ng (J.C. Ugwuoke), talabif@run.edu.ng (F.O. Talabi). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Learning and Motivation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/l&m https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101767 Received 29 August 2021; Received in revised form 11 October 2021; Accepted 13 October 2021