Plant Cell Physiol. 32(8): 1165-1171 (1991)
JSPP © 1991
Artificial Quinones Replace the Function of Quinone Electron Acceptor
in the Isolated Dl-D2-Cytochrome b
S59
Photosystem II
Reaction Center Complex
Hiroyuki Nakane
1
, Masayo Iwaki
2
, Kimiyuki Satoh
1
,
and Shigeru Itoh
2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700 Japan
2
Division of Bioenergetics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka, Okazaki, 444 Japan
Various benzo- and naphthoquinone derivatives were introduced into the purified photo-
system II Dl-D2-cytochrome b
559
reaction center complex, which lacks the intrinsic plasto-
quinone electron acceptors. Effects of these quinones on the electron transfer reactions in
nanoseconds to milliseconds time range were studied at room and cryogenic temperatures. 1)
The addition of quinones to the purified photosystem II reaction center complex suppressed the
nanosecond charge recombination between oxidized reaction center chlorophyll a (P680
+
) and re-
duced pheophytin a (Ph~), and stabilized P680
+
up to millisecond time range at 280 K and at 77
K. 2) In the reaction center complex supplemented with dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB), P68O
was almost fully oxidized and cytochrome b
559
was partially reduced by flash excitation. A semi-
quinone-like signal with a peak around 320 nm was also induced but the shift of pheophytin
absorption band (C55O) was not observed. 3) Halogenated quinones, especially DBMIB, were
better electron acceptors than unsubstituted or methylated quinones. 4) The affinities of
quinones to the reaction center complex were weakly dependent on their molecular structure.
Key words: Electron transfer — Photosynthesis — Photosystem II
center.
Quinone — Reaction
Quinones function as electron acceptors in the RC in
photosynthetic organisms (see review by Andreasson and
Vangard 1988). PS II RC of oxygenic photosynthetic or-
ganisms contains two PQ-9 molecules which interact with
a non-heme iron and function as Q
A
and Q
B
. The Q
A
plastoquinone undergoes one-electron reduction and the
Q
B
, two-electron reduction. The difference in the func-
tional behavior of Q
A
and Q
B
quinones seems to originate
from differences in the quinone binding niche in the RC
proteins as shown by X-ray crystallographic studies of RC
complexes from purple photosynthetic bacteria (Deisen-
hofer et al. 1986).
Purified PS II RC (Dl-D2-cytochrome b
S59
) complex,
first isolated by Nanba and Satoh (1987), lacks plasto-
quinone and thus the photo-separated charges are not
Abbreviations: DBMIB, dibromothymoquinone (2,5-di-
bromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-l,4-benzoquinone); ti/2, half decay
time; P680, photosystem II reaction center chlorophyll a; Ph,
pheophytin a (primary electron acceptor); PQ, plastoquinone;
PS, photosystem; Q
A
and Q
B
, the secondary and tertiary electron
acceptor quinones, respectively; RC, reaction center.
stabilized (Danielius et al. 1987). Using this type of
material, Chapman et al. (1988) showed that decylplasto-
quinone elicits the reduction of cytochrome b
}S9
with
diphenylcarbazide as an electron donor. Gounaris et al.
(1988) later showed that PQ-9, at rather high concentra-
tions, can also support similar reactions under continuous
illumination. An artificial electron acceptor, silicomolyb-
date, also efficiently oxidizes Ph~ at room temperature
(Barber et al. 1987, Takahashi et al. 1988) as well as at 77 K
(Takahashi et al. 1988, Nugent et al. 1989). Mathis et al.
(1989) and Satoh et al. (1990) recently showed that DBMIB
suppresses the charge recombination presumably acting as
an electron acceptor to Ph~ and mediates reduction of cyto-
chrome b
ii9
even at -29
C
C. In the presence of DBMIB,
P680
+
was estimated to be reduced either by reduced cyto-
chrome b
559
with a t
1/2
of 2 ms (Satoh et al. 1990) or by en-
dogenous electron donor Z (tyrosine) with a t\
n
of 5 jxs
(Mathis et al. 1989). DBMIB also quenches the long lived
chlorophyll fluorescence (Booth et al. 1990) which seems to
be emitted from the excited state of P680 (P680*) produced
by the charge recombination between P680
+
and Ph~
(Mimuro et al. 1988).
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