May - June 2019; 8(3): 7-11 ©SRDE Group, All Rights Reserved. Int. J. Res. Dev. Pharm. L. Sci. 7 International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy & Life Science An International open access peer reviewed journal ISSN (P): 2393-932X, ISSN (E): 2278-0238 Journal homepage: http://ijrdpl.com Original Article A comparative evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in children with and without Gingivitis Bharat Kumar 1 , Afroz Alam Ansari 1 , Sanchit Tiwari 2 , Mohd Waseem 2 , Seema Singh 2 , A.A. Mahdi 2 , Rakesh Kumar Chak* 1 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry 1 , Department of Biochemistry 2 , King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, Gene polymorphism, Glucose transporter gene, Restriction fragment length poly- morphism, Type 2 Diabetes melitus Article Information: Received: April 13, 2019; Revised: May 17, 2019; Accepted: June 03, 2019 Available online on: 15.06.2019@http://ijrdpl.com http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278- 0238.2019.8(3).7-11 ABSTRACT: Gingivitis is a reversible and non-destructive form of periodontal disease. Oxidative stress contributes in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases 5 . The oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the important contributory etiologic factors in many of the oral inflammatory pathologies including gingivitis. This research analyzed the ‘‘Total antioxidant capacity’’ (TAC) of biological fluids including saliva . The present cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in children with/ without gingivitis and its relation with Age and Gender . For measuring the TAC of saliva: Cayman's Antioxidant Assay Kit was used and Gingival Index Measured through The Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1963). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and making comparisons between cases and control by using SPSS software version 20. In this result, mean TAC of saliva in case children group was found lower 0.203 ± 0.053 compared to control children group was higher 0.236 ± 0.048. While, in male and female children of aged 3-5 years were found antioxidant activity (TAC) lower in compared to control groups. But among males aged 6-13 years it was found that the mean antioxidant capacity of saliva in case group was 0.259 ± 0.040 while in control group it was 0.295 ± 0.026. The TAC of saliva in males was found high compared to female. A weak negative correlation was found between the TAC and gingival index. In conclusion TAC decreases in children with gingivitis compared to healthy children. The gingivitis was more observed in female leading to lower TAC value. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Corresponding Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar Chak, Professor & Head, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow – 226003, India E-mail: dr.chakrakeshkr@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Gingivitis is a reversible and non-destructive form of periodontal disease [1, 2]. In gingivitis, marginal gingiva becomes inflamed and it may progress to include free and attached gingiva but loss of attachment does not occur [3, 4]. Untreated gingivitis may result to periodontitis. Hence, if gingivitis and periodontitis are assessed in early stages it will minimize the chance of tooth loss. The gingivitis occurring in primary dentition tends to remain confined to marginal gingiva for the reason yet unexplained. Several studies also indicate that the prevalence of destructive form of periodontal disease is lower in young individuals than in adults. According to Chapple IL and Matthews JB oxidative stress contributes in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases [5]. A harmful increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress [6]. ROS are important signaling molecules in the regulation of several cellular processes [7]. Sequelae of the oxidative stress include adaptation, damage or cell death [8] through a variety of mechanisms, such as DNA, lipid and protein damage [9].