FROM SECOND HOME TO PRIMARY RESIDENCE:
MIGRATION TOWARDS RECREATIONAL
PROPERTIES IN SWEDEN 1991–2005
DIETER K. MÜLLER & ROGER MARJAVAARA
Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
E-mails: dieter.muller@geography.umu.se, roger.marjavaara@geography.umu.se
Received: October 2009; accepted May 2011
ABSTRACT
Second homes are at the nexus of tourism and migration. Previous research has demonstrated that
second homes are important domiciles after retirement. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed
this issue specifically. Many households claim that they would use their second homes more often,
and some even state that they would convert these homes into their new permanent homes. While
this is a known phenomenon, its geographical outcome is rather unknown. Hence, the purpose of
this paper is to investigate the conversion of second homes into primary residences. This is done
with respect to timing and geographical patterns. A geo-referenced longitudinal population
database allows for identifying converted properties and linking them to information of their
owners’ households. This facilitates a discussion regarding the impact of conversions on planning
and service provision in host communities, too. The analysis refers to the time period from 1991
to 2005.
Key words: Second homes, Sweden, GIS, retirement migration, tourism, life course
INTRODUCTION
Second homes have often been scrutinised
in the context of tourism (Coppock 1977).
However, it is obvious that the phenomenon of
second home use is dynamic and reaches far
beyond the traditional boundaries of recre-
ational tourism. Kaltenborn (1998), for
example, argues that second homes in fact may
be the true permanent homes since they carry
different meanings, other than just being
recreational domiciles. Instead, they may be
inherited from previous generations and be
intended to be passed on to the next genera-
tion (Jaakson 1986). Second homes have hence
been considered ‘homes away from home’
(Perkins & Thorns 2006), ‘places of escape’
(Stedman 2006), and ‘idyllic havens’ (McHugh
2006). Besides this debate on place attachment
and meanings of home, the role of second
homes in current patterns of mobility has been
debated (Hall & Williams 2002; Hall & Müller
2004b). Williams and Hall (2000, p. 19) argue
that second homes are at the intersection of
tourism and migration, causing a ‘significant
conceptual blurring’. Hence, Cohen (1974)
classifies second home tourism as a marginal
form of tourism lacking the dimension of
novelty, and Johnston (2006) even claims that
from an ontological perspective second homes
cannot be included in tourism. In contrast,
Jaakson (1986) highlights the lack of novelty in
many other forms of tourism and also points to
the role of second homes for explaining the
development of tourism infrastructure. Even
Strapp (1988) argues that second homes are
Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie – 2012, DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2011.00674.x, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 53–68.
© 2011 The Authors
Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie © 2011 Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG
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