ACADEMIA Letters
Heidegger, Lao Tzu and the Pre-Socratics: Thinking Being
Greg Emery
Martin Heidegger’s overriding philosophic interest and concern, as is well known, was to ask
the “Being question,” i.e., to ask after the meaning of Being: “Why is there something and not
nothing?” Heidegger returned to the pre-Socratics with the hope of fnding a diferent way to
meaningfully ask this question. He posited that the early Greek thinkers, the pre-Socratics,
had themselves been concerned with this question.
Heidegger’s revelations regarding the pre-Socratics also opens vistas (both intentional and
unintentional) for exploring similarities in Heidegger’s existential phenomenology and Lao
Tzu’s Taoism – especially in terms of thinking’s relationship to Being. This project might be
described as a “recalling return to the way in which the great pre-Socratic thinkers authen-
tically thought [about] Being … a return to that area where metaphysics obtained and still
retains its origins, even after the forgetting of Being.” (Seidel, 1978)
The forgetting of Being – which (Heidegger claims) has occurred over time since the days
of the pre-Socratics – is (again as Heidegger claims) a fundamental misunderstanding of the
relationship of Being to beings or Being to things. For the pre-Socratics, (the understanding
of) Being was not divorced from things. Rather, for these early Greek thinkers, Being was
that which allowed beings to Be.
Being, for the pre-Socratics, was not a remote entity but a “way” things appeared. Be-
ing and things were not “metaphysical opponents” but essentially belonged together, to one
another. Though they were not identical, they were nevertheless inseparable. For these early
Greek thinkers, Being was, a dynamic “presencing presence” in the sense, perhaps, that Being
was more verb-like than noun-like.
One now might ask, however, how is it that Being came to be (mis)understood as a thing
or even the ultimate thing among things? According to Heidegger, the pre-Socratics – Par-
menides and Heraclitus specifcally – agreed that the belonging-together of Being and beings
Academia Letters, October 2021
Corresponding Author: Greg Emery, gregoryalanemery@gmail.com
Citation: Emery, G. (2021). Heidegger, Lao Tzu and the Pre-Socratics: Thinking Being. Academia Letters,
Article 3650. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3650.
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©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0