Plural semantics, reduplication, and numeral modification in Indonesian Mary Dalrymple and Suriel Mofu Centre for Linguistics and Philology University of Oxford Patterns of plural marking and numeral modification in Indonesian provide an interesting testbed for theories of the semantics of numeral classifiers and plurality. Crosslinguistically, the presence of numeral classifiers in a language is strongly connected with the absence or optionality of plural marking; this gen- eralisation is the basis of Chierchia’s (1998a, 1998b) Nominal Mapping Param- eter, and also accords with established typological generalisations (Greenberg 1972, Aikhenvald 2000, Corbett 2000). In Indonesian, both plural marking as reduplication and classifiers in numeral modification constructions are optional, and bare (non-reduplicated) Indonesian nouns are best analysed as exhibiting general number (Greenberg 1972, Corbett 2000, Carson 2000), rather than cor- responding to the unmarked member of a singular-plural opposition. Unlike many languages with general number, Indonesian exhibits no mass- count distinction: notionally “mass” and notionally “count” nouns do not diÿer in their grammatical behaviour, and participate equally in reduplication and numeral modification constructions. We provide an analysis of the semantics of reduplication, classifiers, and numeral modification in Indonesian which rests on the lack of a mass/count distinction and explains the strong dispreference for numeral modification of reduplicated nouns. 1 Introduction Indonesian has what has been analysed as plural marking, realised as redupli- cation: (1) Pulau-pulau island-REDUP Bali, Lombok dan and Sumbawa terletak TER.lie di at sebelah side timur east pulau island Jawa. Java. ‘The islands of Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa are located east of Java.’ (Chung 2000, citing Sneddon 1996) The noun pulau ‘island’ is reduplicated in (1), and refers to more than one island. Unlike plural morphology in English, reduplication is not necessary in referring to more than one individual. Bare nouns can also refer to pluralities; nonreduplicated telur in (2) can be interpreted as plural: 1