Status and Prospects of Plant Virus Control Through Interference with Vector Transmission C. Bragard, 1 P. Caciagli, 2 O. Lemaire, 3, 4 J.J. Lopez-Moya, 5 S. MacFarlane, 6 D. Peters, 7 P. Susi, 8 and L. Torrance 6 1 Earth & Life Institute, Universit´ e Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; email: claude.bragard@uclouvain.be 2 Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, 10135 Torino, Italy 3 INRA-UDS, UMR 1131, Sant´ e de la Vigne et Qualit´ e du Vin, F-68021 Colmar, France 4 Universit ´ e de Strasbourg, UMR 1131, Sant´ e de la Vigne et Qualit´ e du Vin, 68021 Colmar, France 5 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain 6 Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, United Kingdom 7 Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, WUR, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands 8 Degree Program of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Turku University of Applied Sciences and Department of Virology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2013. 51:177–201 First published online as a Review in Advance on May 6, 2013 The Annual Review of Phytopathology is online at phyto.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102346 Copyright c  2013 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Keywords aphid, hopper, mite, nematode, thrips, whitefly, zoosporic endoparasite Abstract Most plant viruses rely on vector organisms for their plant-to-plant spread. Although there are many different natural vectors, few plant virus–vector systems have been well studied. This review describes our current understanding of virus transmission by aphids, thrips, white- flies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, treehoppers, mites, nematodes, and zoosporic endoparasites. Strategies for control of vectors by host resis- tance, chemicals, and integrated pest management are reviewed. Many gaps in the knowledge of the transmission mechanisms and a lack of available host resistance to vectors are evident. Advances in genome sequencing and molecular technologies will help to address these prob- lems and will allow innovative control methods through interference with vector transmission. Improved knowledge of factors affecting pest and disease spread in different ecosystems for predictive modeling is also needed. Innovative control measures are urgently required because of the increased risks from vector-borne infections that arise from en- vironmental change. 177 Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2013.51:177-201. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Turku University on 08/08/13. For personal use only.