Case Report A Gel Formulation Containing a New Recombinant Form of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase: A Clinical Experience Based on Compassionate Use-Safety of a Case Report Lucia Grumetto, 1 Antonio Del Prete, 2 Giovanni Ortosecco, 1 Antonella Borrelli, 3 Salvatore Del Prete, 2 and Aldo Mancini 4 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy 2 Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy 3 Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, IRCCS Foundation, Naples, Italy 4 Leadhexa Inc., QB3-UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Lucia Grumetto; grumetto@unina.it Received 9 May 2016; Accepted 13 July 2016 Academic Editor: Guy Kleinmann Copyright © 2016 Lucia Grumetto et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. We report a case of bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) in a 24-year-old man with an allergic conjunctivitis history caused by a long-term therapy with glucocorticoids. Case Presentation. Te patient showed a visual acuity of 9/10 for both eyes. He followed a therapy with ketotifen and bilastine for four years. During the last six months before our evaluation, he was treated with chloramphenicol and betamethasone, interrupted for onset of cataracts and increased intraocular pressure. We treated him with ophthalmic gel preparation containing a new recombinant form of manganese superoxide dismutase (rMnSOD) at a concentration of 12.5 g/mL, only for the right eye, while lef eye was treated with standard protocol of Bendazac-lysine g 0.5. Conclusion. Tis case report shows the protective efects of rMnSOD versus PSC disease, probably due to the capacity of rMnSOD of countering free radical species. 1. Background Te occurrence of cataracts is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the elderly [1]. Te disease can be classi- fed as cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular according to the location of the opacity within the lens [2]. Te cataract is a complex disease with an etiology not completely under- stood [3] and related to some environmental components, including UV light, sun exposure, vitamin C defciency [4], and some drugs. Indeed, glucocorticoids may cause steroid- induced posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) being capable of inducing changes into the transcription of genes in lens epithelial cells [5]. Oxidative stress has long been recognized as an important mediator of pathophysiology in lens epithe- lial cells (LECs) and also plays an essential role in the patho- genesis of cataract [6]. Tere are a plethora of works aimed at demonstrating the importance of maintaining a proper intake of antioxidants and that indicate how genetic polymorphisms associated with genes for glutathione, a molecule reducing endogenous, may infuence the development of cataracts [7]. Furthermore, some studies have been oriented to the inves- tigation of biomarkers of oxidative stress of the cells of the lens such as higher levels of telomerase activity, and several substances were tested acting as scavengers against Reacting Oxygen Species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, both mecha- nisms of cellular deterioration [8]. Recent studies have reported the association between ROS induced DNA damage of LECs and the development of cataract, indicating that oxygen free radical generators such as hydrogen peroxide can accelerate the biomolecular mech- anisms that underlie the development of congenital cataract due to specifc mutations [9]. Te efects of topical adminis- tration of glucocorticoids on rabbit lenses are well described Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine Volume 2016, Article ID 7240209, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7240209