ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(01), 986-997 986 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/10392 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/10392 RESEARCH ARTICLE ENDODONTIC IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS, DISINFECTION DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES : A REVIEW Joseph Mampilly 1 , Vidyadhar Shetty 2 and K. Harish S. Shetty 3 1. (Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India - 575018). 2. (MDS, Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India - 575018). 3. (MDS, Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India - 575018). …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Received: 30 November 2019 Final Accepted: 31 December 2019 Published: January 2020 Copy Right, IJAR, 2020,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent or cure apical periodontitis. Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory process in the periradicular tissues caused by microorganisms in the infected root canal . It is well known that shaping, cleaning, and obturating the root canal system provide the strategy for successful treatment. In endodontic disinfection, there are two main challenges which are important to be recognized the anatomical challenge and the microbiological challenge. Root canal is an enclosed complex space with intricate configurations and apical constriction it is important to mention here that more than 35 % of the root canal surface is left untouched by conventional instrumentation. Also, common instrumentation techniques accumulate debris in isthmus areas. Endodontic irrigants have three major objectives: chemical, biological, and mechanical. Mechanical objectives include to rinse out debris and lubricate the canal; chemical objectives include to soften and dissolve organic and inorganic tissues, prevent the formation of a smear layer during instrumentation, and dissolve smear layer once it has formed; and biological objectives are related to their antiseptic and nontoxic. The ideal irrigating solution to disinfect the root canal system should be a biocompatible bactericidal agent, tissue solvent, lubricant, and smear layer remover capable of physically flushing debris, with sustained effect but without affecting the physical properties of the dentin. Irrigating solutions: The irrigating solutions in endodontics can be classified as antimicrobial solutions, chelating solutions, combinations (antibacterial and chelating solutions combined), and solutions with detergent. Antimicrobial effects: antiseptic solutions, topical antibiotics, bacteriostatic solutions, and bactericidal solutions. Given below are the list of irrigants used in endodontics Local anaesthetic, saline and/or water: Practitioners using water, saline or local anaesthetic are profoundly misguided in their understanding of endodontics and place themselves at risk of litigation should treatment fail: these irrigants have no antimicrobial properties Corresponding Author:- Joseph Mampilly Address:- (Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Yenepoya dental college, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India - 575018).