An Exploration of How the Employee–Organization Relationship Affects the Linkage Between Perception of Developmental Human Resource Practices and Employee Outcomes Bård Kuvaas Norwegian School of Management, Oslo  The purpose of the present study was to examine whether and how the quality of the employee–organization relationship (EOR) influences the relationship between employee perception of developmental human resource (HR) practices and employee outcomes. Analyses of 593 employees representing 64 local savings banks in Norway showed that four indicators of the EOR (perceived organizational support, affective organizational commitment, and procedural and interactional justice) moderated the relationship between perception of developmental HR practices and individual work performance. A strong and direct negative relationship was found between perception of developmental HR practices and turnover intention, but perceived procedural and interactional justice moderated this linkage. No support was found for a mediating role of the EOR indicators in the relationship between perception of developmental HR practices and employee outcomes. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. INTRODUCTION Contemporary research on ‘best practice’, high-performance, high-commitment, high- involvement, progressive, and human-capital-enhancing human resource management (HRM) implies that organizations offer resources and opportunities that improve the motivation, skills, attitudes and behaviours of their employees. Whereas most of these models suggest that human resource (HR) practices or systems deliver performance through the effect they have on people in organizations (e.g. Ostroff and Bowen, 2000), a recent review of ‘best practice’ HRM concludes that the positive implications for employees are at best uncertain (Godard, 2004). In another review, Wright and Boswell (2002, p. 262) argue that ‘the dearth of research aimed at understanding how multiple (or systems of ) HR practices impact individuals certainly suggests a ripe of opportunity for future research’. Furthermore, most macro studies empirically assume Address for reprints: Bård Kuvaas, Department of Leadership and Organization Management, Norwegian School of Management, Nydalsveien 37, 0484 Oslo, Norway (bard.kuvaas@bi.no). © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007. Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA. Journal of Management Studies 45:1 January 2008 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00710.x