Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ISSN 1729-3774 5/8 ( 113 ) 2021 66 Copyright © 2021, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMMONIA PRODUCTION METHOD FOR CARBON-FREE ENERGY GENERATION Sergey Zhadan PhD, Engineer Researcher Individual Entrepreneur «A.O. Dyba» Kudryashova str., 7-B, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03035 Yevhenii Shapovalov Corresponding author PhD, Senior Researcher Department of Knowledge Systems Creation Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Degtyarivska str., 38/44, Kyiv, Ukraine, 04119 E-mail: sjb@man.gov.ua Roman Tarasenko Postgraduate Student Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space Chokolivskyi blvd., 13, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03186 Anatoliy Salyuk PhD, Professor Department of Food Chemistry National University of Food Technologies Volodymyrska str., 68, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601 Ammonia has great prospects in the context of the transition to carbon-free energy. It can be used as fuel in gas turbines, fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and burned together with coal. However, industrial pro- duction of ammonia is based on the Haber-Bosh process, which involves the use of natural gas and coal, which, in this case, does not make it really carbon-free. This study proposes a method to produce ammonia, which is envi- ronmentally friendly and does not require the use of fos- sil fuels. It is based on the approach to adjusting the con- centration of ammonium nitrogen in a biogas reactor and implies the sorption of ammonia from the gas phase with a solution of monoammonium phosphate, obtaining diam- monium phosphate, and subsequently heating it with the release of ammonia. The factors influencing the extraction of ammonia from waste have been considered, as well as the influence of temperature on the release of ammonia from the solution of diammonium phosphate; the energy efficiency of the method has been assessed. With increas- ing temperature, the degree of ammonia and the degree of sorbent regeneration increased. Under laboratory condi- tions, 111 J/g of ammonia energy was spent. The higher the concentration of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 in the solution, the less energy is required to obtain a unit of ammonia mass. The total amount of ammonia released varies depending on the temperature. Sorbent regeneration can be carried out using thermal energy obtained at a cogeneration plant. The possibility of using this method to produce ammonia at an industrial scale has been estimated by analyzing the ways of ammonia utilization as a fuel. The potential for ammonia production in the main livestock industries in Europe and the United States is up to 11,482,651.15 and 11,582,169.5 tons per year, respectively. Applying this solution also makes it possible to improve the efficiency of biogas production from waste with high nitrogen content. The proposed method of ammonia production could poten- tially contribute to the development of carbon-free energy Keywords: ammonia production, carbon-free ener- gy, anaerobic digestion, ammonium nitrogen, ammonium phosphates UDC 662.767.2:636.5/.6 DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243068 How to Cite: Zhadan, S., Shapovalov, Y., Tarasenko, R., Salyuk, A. (2021). Development of an ammonia production method for carbon-free energy generation. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (8 (113)), 66–75. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243068 Received date 11.08.2021 Accepted date 17.10.2021 Published date 29.10.2021 1. Introduction Much attention around the world is directed at reduc- ing CO 2 emissions to prevent the negative effects of global warming. The European Union has decided to reduce green- house gas emissions by at least 55 % by 2030 compared to 1990 levels [1, 2]. In 2019, the European Commission an- nounced plans to adjust the EU economic course to create a climate and carbon-neutral space in Europe by 2050 [3, 4]. Most countries have set targets for future reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the Japanese go- vernment has identified national (INDC) contributions at a 26.0 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by the fiscal year 2030 compared to the fiscal year 2013 [5]. The Japanese government has also set a long-term goal of reducing green- house gas emissions by 80 % by the fiscal year of 2050 [6]. Ger- many plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80–95 % by 2050 [7]; the United Kingdom – by 80 % [8]; Japan, France, and Canada – by 73–78 %; and Russia – by 48 % [9]. The UN estimates that cities account for up to 70 % of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions [10]. In this regard, more than 100 cities announced their intention to be- come carbon neutral by 2050. Some of them want to achieve the goal earlier: Stockholm by 2040, Copenhagen by 2025, and Liverpool by 2020 [8]. American Apple Inc. has announced a goal to reduce total carbon dioxide emissions to zero across the entire supply and production chain by 2030. Microsoft Corp. has announced that it intends to achieve negative emissions by 2030, and, by 2050, to completely eliminate the effects of carbon di- oxide emissions over the entire time since the company was founded in 1975 [11]. The reduction of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere is associated with the transition to carbon-free energy. This