International Journal of Materials Engineering 2017, 7(6): 117-120
DOI: 10.5923/j.ijme.20170706.03
Analysis of Impact and Tensile Properties of Recycled
Polypropylene
Luiz Gustavo Barbosa
*
, Matheus Piaia, Gustavo Henrique Ceni
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – Campus Erechim, Erechim, Brazil
Abstract The present research proposed to evaluate the tensile and impact properties of polypropylene originating from
secondary recycling. The polymer chosen for the studies was polypropylene (PP) for its high application and availability. The
tensile and impact tests were performed on virgin polypropylene, recycled polypropylene and mixtures of different
proportions of both. Thus, for each sample, values of yield strength, elastic modulus, yield elongation and impact strength
were obtained. The results of the averages obtained demonstrated that the tensile properties of virgin PP and recycled PP are
similar, as well as those of the mixtures between both. Regarding the impact properties, it was observed that the energy
absorbed by the recycled polymers is lower than that of the virgin polypropylene. Consequently, recycled polypropylene can
replace virgin polypropylene in applications which are subjected to tension stress but not in those subjected it to impact.
Keywords Polymers, Recycled Polypropylene, Tensile Properties, Impact Properties
1. Introduction
Nowadays, all action related to the disposal of any
material should be considered based on the strategy of the
four R's: reduction (combating waste generation), reuse (of
materials), recycle (use of discarded material in new
products) and recover (energy extraction from discarded
waste) [1, 2]. Plastic recycling programs have been boosted
in the last decade due to growing concern about the
environment, the lack of space for the construction of
landfills, and even the pressure not only from legislation but
also from the society about this disposal [3], since these
materials take thousands of years to spontaneously
degradate [4]. Beyond keeping the planet clean, recycling
offers the potential to reduce fossil fuel consumption, since
recycled plastic can compete directly with virgin plastic
produced from refined fossil fuels, and the electrical energy
needed to process recycled plastics is notably lower than for
virgin material [5].
The main application of PP is in the food sector,
representing 32% in products such as: packaging, lids,
tupperwares, jars, bottles and gallons. In the consumer
goods sector PP represents 17% of the market and is applied
in packaging and boxes. In civil construction represents 3%
of the market and, among others, it replaces asbestos in
fibre cement tiles and water tanks, and it serves as a partial
substitute of concrete in slabs with the use of BubbleDeck.
* Corresponding author:
luiz.barbosa@erechim.ifrs.edu.br (Luiz Gustavo Barbosa)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijme
Copyright © 2017 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
Also, it is a raw material for the Pack Less, a plastic pallet.
In the automotive sector it represents 9% of the market,
being used in dashboards, door panels, bumpers, grilles, for
example. [6]. Therefore, all this material when discarded
can be recycled and originate new products. In Brazil, about
8.2% of the post-consumer polypropylene is recycled,
which is processed into pellets through mechanical
recycling and subsequently produces packaging, automobile
components and other recycled products [7].
However, few studies have been to verify if the
properties of the recycled polymers are similar to those
of the virgin polymers. Fernandes and Domingues [8]
compared the mechanical properties between virgin high
impact polypropylene, injected, and the recycled one. With
the purpose of applying the recycled polypropylene in the
automotive industry, two mixtures were tested, one
composed of 30% recycled PP and 70% virgin PP, and
other one of 50% recycled PP and 50% virgin PP. They
observed that the mechanical properties under tensile
strength (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and strain)
did not vary, however, the impact resistance only for
samples with up to 30% recycled PP was acceptable for
automotive use. Samples above this percentage (50% and
100% recycled PP) showed a large reduction in impact
strength. For comparative purposes the virgin PP had an
impact resistance of 78,7 kJ / m² and the PP 100% recycled
19,7 kJ / m².
Likewise, Raj et al [9] tested the tensile and impact
mixtures of injected virgin and recycled polypropylene in
different proportions and have not obtained significant
variation in yield strength and elastic modulus. However
for the impact resistance, as the percentage of recycled PP