Progress in Development Studies 6, 1 (2006) pp. 1–7
© 2006 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd 10.1191/1464993406ps123ed
I ‘Race’ in development
Forms of racism and expressions that articu-
late ideas about ‘race’ are fluid and multiple,
contingent and contextual, ranging from
overt to covert and unreflexive. Historically
and geographically rooted, such expressions
have become increasingly variegated, even
detached from their originary impulses, and
can travel far and wide. It is in this spirit of
critical enquiry that the papers in this special
issue aim to reveal some of the tenacious
strands of racialized forms of knowing
and representing in development discourse
and practice. This is a realm that has
remained curiously untouched by the post-
colonial critiques and debates about ‘race’ in
other social science disciplines (see Biccum,
2002). Together, the papers attempt to dis-
rupt these ‘disturbing silences, banalisations
and erasures’ (Grovogui, 2001: 437) and,
focusing on a diverse range of issues from
varying perspectives, question the absence of
discussions around ‘race’. They suggest how
understanding development in terms of ‘race’
can spotlight inadequacies, contradictions and
misrepresentations in development ideolo-
gies, policies and practices, as well as relations
of power.
Escobar (1995) argues that discourses of
(western) development discursively produce
the third world as different and inferior, and
accordingly as its object of study and inter-
vention. These articles explore how racialized
forms of power and inequality build upon this
foundational distinction between the ‘devel-
oped’ and ‘developing’ and draw attention to
the various, unspoken assumptions about
‘race’ that underpin some of the key ideological
bases of development thought and practice.
Additionally, they identify the need for further
exploration of the subtle manifestations of
racism within international development.
Postcolonial, postdevelopment and anti-
development critics have provincialized the
supposed universality of western notions of
development and have critiqued the inability
of the west to theorize non-western experi-
ences. However, while these accounts have
alluded to ‘race’, they have largely focused
on challenging eurocentrism (Escobar, 1995;
Pieterse and Parekh, 1995). This does not
mean that ideas about ‘race’ have been
completely absent in accounts about devel-
opment. Other research and writing, largely
within geography, have explored the relation-
ship between gender/feminism, postcolo-
nialism and development (Robinson, 1994;
Parpart, 1995; Midgely, 1998; McEwan,
2001), uncovered continuities between
colonial histories of development and con-
temporary representations of the third world
(Crush, 1995; Cowen and Shenton, 1996;
Editorial
Critiquing ‘race’ and racism in
development discourse and practice
Uma Kothari
Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester,
Harold Hankins Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9QH, UK