Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2021;7(2):410–414 Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Journal homepage: www.ijceo.org Original Research Article To study ocular findings in chronic kidney disease patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra Dheeraj Sapkal 1 , Sarika A Gadekar 2 , Mahak S Bhandari 2, *, Supriya A Deshpande 2 1 BKC Covid 19 Center, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 2 Dept. of Ophthalmology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 19-12-2020 Accepted 23-12-2020 Available online 30-06-2021 Keywords: Chronic kidney disease Hypertensive retinopathy Ocular manifestation ABSTRACT Aim: We aim to assess the association of ocular manifestations with chronic kidney disease and correlating it with the stages of chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in tertiary medical college in Central Maharashtra. A total of 84 patients were examined over a period of 18 months. Detailed ocular and systemic examinations were undertaken. Dilated fundus evaluation was done with slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Positive anterior and posterior segment findings were noted. Results: Out of 168 eyes of 84 patients, 111 eyes had posterior segment involvement, 25 eyes had anterior segment involvement and 22 eyes had both anterior and posterior segment involvement. Most common posterior segment pathology was hypertensive retinopathy followed by diabetic retinopathy. Anterior segment findings did not correlate with the stage of the disease whereas severe stage of diabetic retinopathy was present in later stages of chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Present study showed a strong association of ocular manifestation in chronic kidney disease. Ocular involvement in CKD patients if not detected early can lead to permanent and irreversible visual loss, therefore pressing the need for ophthalmic examination in such cases. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 1. Introduction Chronic kidney disease is a rising global medical issue. 1 The prevalence 2,3 of 17.2% is documented in India It is an irreversible 4 and a progressive process which ultimately results in end stage renal disease.Being much more common than actually documented 5 it often goesundetected and undiagnosed until the disease is well advanced and kidney failure isfairly imminent. Ocular co morbidities 6,7 may be due to the causes leading to chronic renal failure; namely HTN, 8 diabetes, uraemia, anaemia or due to effects of haemodialysis. 8,9 Decrease in visual function is because of severity of hypertensive or diabetic retinopathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, 9 focal retinal vein impediment and so on. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: dr.mahakbhandari@gmail.com (M. S. Bhandari). Retinopathy is frequently asymptomatic 9 in its most treatable stage; delay in diagnosis can result in critical increment in the patient’s probability of vision loss. Ocular condition reveals the metabolic control of the disease process. Very commonly an obscure case of chronic renal failure with its visual complexities may initially present to an ophthalmologist. This study is to assess the ocular comorbidities associated with CKD, and also to highlight the importance of timely ocular examination. Screening of patients with CKD will enable early detection of potential visual threatening manifestations so that appropriate treatment can be initiated before irreversible visual loss can occur. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.081 2395-1443/© 2021 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved. 410