Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com What is already known about the topic? The risks associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Extubation is a critical phase and it´s failure requires endotracheal re-intubation,whichincreases hospital mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit. What this paper adds? The complexity of the Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and the extubation process requires from nurses a diferentiated intervention that responds to the needs of the person/family. Compilation and layout of nursing care in the various stages of the extubation process: pre-extubation; extubation; post extubation. Introduction One of the main reasons of hospital stay in an intensive careunit, is the need to invasive mechanical ventilation, which is a process that allows to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. 1 It aims to support gas exchange, to reduce respiratory muscle fatigue, to diminish oxygen consumption, to reduce respiratory distress and to apply specifc therapies. 2 An epidemiological study conducted in a range ofntensive care units, revealed that 217 out of 390 hospitalized patientswere submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. 3 The need of invasive mechanical ventilation requires complex and diversifed nursing cares. Nurses have the responsibility of providing a continuous care in order to support a positive evolution. (Fogaça & Silva, 2010) There are several risks associated to invasive mechanical ventilation, such as bronchoaspiration, barotrauma, ventilator- associated pneumonia, decreased cardiac output, and respiratory muscle dysfunction. 4 Ventilatory extubation is essential, not only because it is an indicator of recovery of the person´s ventilatory autonomy, but also because of the risks that prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation causes. (Simões, 2016)At 48 hours, it´s failure rates vary between 15 and 18 per cent,requiring endotracheal re-intubation, which increases hospital mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit. 6 Int Phys Med Rehab J. 2020;5(6):258‒263. 258 ©2020 Rocha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Nursing interventions in the extubation process: a scoping review Volume 5 Issue 6 - 2020 Maria Beatriz Rocha, 1 Ana Filipa Poeira, 2 Raquel Flamino, 1 Neuza Santos 1 1 Department of Nursung, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal 2 Department of Nursung, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Researcher in NURSE`IN Nursing Research Unit for South and Islands, Portugal Correspondence: Maria Beatriz Rocha, Department of Nursing, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal, Tel 00351934069171, Email Received: October 22, 2020 | Published: December 15, 2020 Abstract Background: One of the main reasons why people need to be in an intensive care unit is due to the need of invasive mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation allows for assisting or replacing spontaneous breathing. Weaning is a critical phase of mechanical ventilation and it represents about 40 % of it. Ventilatory extubation is essential, not only because it is an indicator of recovery of the person´s ventilatory autonomy, but also because of the risks that prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation causes. Objectives: This research report was made due to the need of scientifc evidence for the extubation process. We aim to get further insight into the nursing cares in people submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation, in intensive care units, in order to optimize this process. Design: It was made a scoping review, based on the recommended methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute. It was used a fve-step process that included: Identifying the research question; Identifying relevant studies; Study selection; Charting the data and collating, Summarizing and reporting the results. Data sources: A literature search was performed in the following databases: Cochrane, CINAHL, Nursing Reference Center,Medline, ISI, Scielo and RCAAP. Methods: Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility based on the article´s titles, abstracts and full text. Data extraction was conducted based on a table developed by the reviewers. Results: Nine studies were included in this review. Circadian cycle, nurse-patient relationship, criteria, sedation, spontaneous breathing trial, secretions, level of consciousness, anxiety, vital signs, risk factors, oxygenation, general assessment of the patient, stridor, oral hygiene, position, extubation and food interruption were the relevant topics that emerged from each article. Conclusion: It is shown that the vision and the holistic intervention during the extubation process is essential for the improvement of the quality of the ventilatory weaning and consequent extubation. This study allows for gathering the best existing scientifc evidence to provide nursing cares of quality and excellence, minimizing the associated risks, by informing the reader in a schematic form, of the nursing care in the various stages of the extubation process. Keywords: airway extubation, intensive care units, nurses, respiration, artifcial International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal Review Article Open Access