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REVIEW
Engineered Nanoenzymes with Multifunctional Properties
for Next-Generation Biological and Environmental
Applications
Puranjan Mishra, Junsang Lee, Deepak Kumar, Ricardo O. Lauro, Nazua Costa,
Deepak Pathania, Smita Kumar, Jinwoo Lee,* and Lakhveer Singh*
As a powerful tool, nanoenzyme electrocatalyst broadens the ways to explore
bioinspired solutions to the world’s energy and environmental concerns. Eforts
of fashioning novel nanoenzymes for efective electrode functionalization is
generating innovative viable catalysts with high catalytic activity, low cost, high
stability and versatility, and ease of production. High chemo-selectivity and
broad functional group tolerance of nanoenzyme with an intrinsic enzyme like
activity make them an excellent environmental tool. The catalytic activities and
kinetics of nanoenzymes that beneft the development of nanoenzyme-based
energy and environmental technologies by efectual electrode functionalization
are discussed in this article. Further, a deep-insight on recent developments in
the state-of-art of nanoenzymes either in terms of electrocatalytic redox reac-
tions (viz. oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduc-
tion reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction) or environmental remediation /
treatment of wastewater/or monitoring of a variety of pollutants. The complex
interdependence of the physicochemical properties and catalytic characteristics
of nanoenzymes are discussed along with the exciting opportunities presented
by nanomaterial-based core structures adorned with nanoparticle active-sites
shell for enhanced catalytic processes. Thus, such modular architecture with
multi-enzymatic potential introduces an immense scope of making its eco-
nomical scale-up for multielectron-fuel or product recovery and multi-pollutant
or pesticide remediation as reality.
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202108650
P. Mishra
Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture
Hong Kong Baptist University
Kowloon Tong 852, Hong Kong
J. Lee, J. Lee
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
E-mail: jwlee1@kaist.ac.kr
D. Kumar
Department of Chemical Engineering
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
R. O. Lauro, N. Costa
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA)
Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
D. Pathania
Department of Environmental Science
Central University of Jammu
Bagla (Rahya-Suchani), Samba, Jammu & Kashmir 181143, India
D. Pathania
Department of Chemistry
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Cluster University
Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
S. Kumar
Department of Environmental Sciences
J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology
YMCA, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana 121006, India
L. Singh
Department of Environmental Science
SRM University-AP
Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
E-mail: lakhveer.s@srmap.edu.in
1. Introduction
Natural enzymes exhibit multi-dynamic
catalytic activities which lead to improved
cascade reactions in various biological
systems. It owns efcient mass transfer
activities which reduced the intermediate
decomposition due to its local produc-
tion at higher concentrations.
[1]
However,
strict physiological conditions, selective
stability, poor reusability for performing
any particular catalytic reactions are the
major intrinsic fragility of these naturally
occurring enzymes.
[2]
In this pursuit, the
expansions of nanotechnological advance-
ment have led to the development of
nanoscale materials that exactly mimic the
“natural-enzymes” as well as exhibit sim-
ilar intrinsic properties, popularly known
as “nanoenzyme” or “nanoenzyme”.
[3]
As
nanoenzymes, these nanomaterials pos-
sess the ability to imitate various catalytic
properties, which gradually sparked the
researchers for nano-formulations and the
discovery of a wide range of biomimetic
compounds. Research about nanoenzyme
The ORCID identifcation number(s) for the author(s) of this article
can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202108650.
Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 2108650