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Chapter 1
Interaction Data:
Defnitions, Concepts and Sources
John Stillwell
University of Leeds, UK
Adam Dennett
University of Leeds, UK
Oliver Duke-Williams
University of Leeds, UK
ABSTRACT
This initial chapter has two aims. Firstly, it seeks to clarify defnitional and conceptual issues relating
to the key interaction phenomena, migration and commuting, on which the authors concentrate in this
book and for which they strive to obtain information to enhance their understanding of the processes
that are taking place in the real world. The chapter explains the conceptual distinction between mi-
grants and migrations, the importance of which becomes clear when the difference between transition
and movement data is outlined, and it considers the alternative units of migrant measurement that are
used such as individuals, wholly moving households and moving groups. Whilst migration tends to be
measured over a period of time, typically a year, commuting is an activity that occurs on a much more
frequent basis and consequently is usually measured as the numbers making a journey on one day. The
chapter indicates how commuting to work and commuting to study are defned and measured. Secondly,
the chapter contains the summary of an audit of interaction data sources, outlining the characteristics of
the different types of data that are available from censuses, registers and surveys. Particular emphasis is
placed on the former, the Census of Population, for which there are a number of data products providing
migration and commuting counts at different spatial scales and disaggregated by various attributes;
micro data are distinguished from macro data. However, the chapter also introduces a range of other
interaction data sources such as the registers of National Health Service patients, the Pupil Level Annual
School Census, the databases of the Higher Education Statistics Agency, various national level surveys
such as the Labour Force Survey and the International Passenger Survey. In some cases, the data are
exemplifed using tables or maps. The chapter concludes with a refection on the importance of the census
as a key data source for small area analysis and a plea that, in a post-census world, suffcient steps be
taken by central government to ensure the creation and provision of information systems for monitoring
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-755-8.ch001