‘De-Securitising the
Arctic’ in Climate Change:
An Indian Perspective
Bipandeep Sharma
Abstract
The rapidly transforming Arctic has led to rethink the concept of security in the
region. The increasing global warming and opening up of the Arctic have brought
multiple geopolitical issues before the Arctic and non-Arctic states.
1
In pursuit
of their perceived geopolitical, geo-economics and strategic interests, a race to
‘securitise the Arctic’ has started amongst the major Arctic states.This process of
securitisation appears to be dictated and driven not only by traditional military-
strategic considerations but also by non-traditional security threat dilemmas
related to energy, environment, sustainability, human security, connectivity, etc. As
the old and the new Arctic challenges are being taken out of the realm of ‘normal
politics’ and placed in the contested domain of ‘security politics’, the Asian
states, that are directly or indirectly impacted by the changing Arctic, realise that
securitisation of the Arctic is leaving little space for addressing common issues
of global concern. This study argues that all these emerging issues (otherwise
perceived as ‘security threats’) in the Arctic, instead of being addressed in the
securitisation framework, could and should be approached and addressed as
compelling reasons for mutual cooperation and thus in need of de-securitisation.
Keywords
Climate change, de-securitisation, geo-politics, India’s Arctic, securitisation,
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
Introduction
The Arctic is witnessing unprecedented physical and geopolitical transforma-
tions. There is no single formal definition of the Arctic because the region reveals
multiple identities when considered from multiple perspectives. Geographically,
the Arctic is defined as a region above 66° 33’ North of the Arctic circle.
2
It is also
defined as a region north of the Arctic tree line, marked by a frozen landscape of
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© 2021 Indian Council
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DOI: 10.1177/09749284211047721
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Article
Corresponding author:
Bipandeep Sharma.
E-mail: deepbipan1@gmail.com