Article Poverty and Inequality among the Mishing People of Assam Paranan Konwar 1 Abstract The objective of the study was to examine levels of absolute poverty and relative poverty (inequality) within and across various occupations practised by the Mishing tribe of Assam. The tribe inhabits the flood-prone riverine areas of Assam, a state located in India’s Northeastern region. Our study was based on primary data collected from two sample districts of Assam: Dhemaji, remote, completely rural and extremely flood-prone and Sivasagar, a district with some urban characteristics and less susceptible to floods. The research revealed a high level of poverty among casual labour working in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Additionally, it was observed that inequality was higher among the self- employed working in the agriculture, non-agriculture and services sector. For the diversification of agriculture, expansion of the rural non-farm sector; provision of socio-economic safety nets; creation of employment opportunities; improvement in infrastructure and a long-lasting solution of the region’s flood and erosion problem, we recommend an equity-based approach to raise the standard of living of Mishing tribes and their villages. Keywords Poverty, inequality, occupation, Mishing tribe, Assam, Dhemaji, Sivasagar Introduction One of the biggest problems facing the world is poverty. Reducing poverty levels is a major concern of not only governments but also non-government institutions, nationally and globally. As poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and a dynamic concept, it is difficult to explain it by using one unanimous, universally Social Change 48(1) 104–119 © CSD 2018 SAGE Publications sagepub.in/home.nav DOI: 10.1177/0049085717743842 http://journals.sagepub.com/home/sch 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Sonari College, Charaideo, Assam, India. Corresponding author: Paranan Konwar, Department of Economics, Sonari College, Charaideo, Assam, India. Email: ppkkpkonwar@gmail.com