Food and health research in Europe: Structures, gaps and futures Mark McCarthy a,⇑ , Elodie Cluzel b , Kerstin Dressel c , Rachel Newton d a Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK b Euroquality SARL, 8 Rue Isly, 75008 Paris, France c Dialogik Gmbh, Seidenstrasse 36, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany d SPI - Sociedade Portuguesa de Inovação, Avenida Marechal Gomes da Costa 1376, 4150-356 Porto, Portugal article info Article history: Received 9 February 2012 Received in revised form 5 November 2012 Accepted 19 December 2012 Available online 30 January 2013 Keywords: Europe Research policy Health Eating Obesity abstract Background: Food and health research is concerned with production, marketing, choice, regulation and policy for food as it affects health, and the mechanisms and control of diet-related diseases, nutrition and obesity. It covers positive and negative impacts of food on health, as well as issues related to under and over consumption of food. The European Union-funded study FAHRE (Food and Health Research in Europe) has described structures and identified gaps and needs for food and health research across Europe. Methods: FAHRE was conducted by a consortium of partners in 7 European countries, including private and public research organisations, university-based researchers and civil society organisations. National advisers in 32 European countries made reports on the structures of food and health research, and nine experts made reports on food and health research themes. At the end of this phase, a stakeholder confer- ence was held to review and discuss the findings, and from this a Strategic Document was developed and distributed electronically for wider consultation at national level. This report presents the findings of the Strategic Document. Results: FAHRE proposed that future research using public funding should address the global issue of unhealthy eating, including obesity, which causes preventable disability and disease, reduced working life and increased healthcare costs. FAHRE suggests a move of the focus of research from healthy food to healthy eating, and to overcome the existing separation between food research and health research through a shift of research towards food for health. EU member states have widely differing national systems for research management, and information is poorly standardised for comparisons. There are many research programmes in both food and health, usu- ally managed by ministries of science, but rarely in collaboration with ministries of health. Industry mainly contributes ‘near product’ research: few industry small and medium enterprises are engaged with food and health research, nor are civil society organisations. EU food and health research has been focused within the agriculture research theme, and not sufficiently linked to health research. FAHRE recommends coordination of food and health research through an EU-level Coordinating Agency, with budget and representation from the three EU directorates Agriculture, Health and Research, the member states, and wider stakeholders including civil society and industry. There should be correspond- ing ‘food and health research agencies’ in the member states bringing together national policy-makers and stakeholders, and directing research funding. Food safety agencies may provide a model for this joint approach. Further proposals include strengthening social and policy research, accessing Structural Funds for research programmes, and more strategic approaches to determining research programmes and funding. Conclusion: Food and health research in Europe should move from ‘healthy food’, which concentrates on food as a product, to research for ‘healthy eating’ which is concerned with appropriate intake and reduc- ing disease. Coordination of research on this theme, at European level, and between member states, could deliver major economic and social returns. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 0306-9192/$ - see front matter Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.12.005 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: m.mccarthy@ucl.ac.uk (M. McCarthy). Food Policy 39 (2013) 64–71 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodpol