~ Pergamon
0306-4549(94)00048-4
Ann. Nucl. Energy Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 297-302, 1995
Copyright © 1995Elsevier Science Ltd
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ANGULAR PROPERTIES OF THE SCATTERED PHOTONS
FOR COMBINED 1.43 AND 2.75 MeV SOURCE PHOTONS
PENETRATING SINGLE AND DOUBLE-LAYER SHIELDS
G. C. BAKOS
Nuclear Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Democritos University of
Thrace, 67 100 Xanthi, Greece
(Received 8 June 1994)
Alrstract--In this paper, experimentally determined angular flux spectra for combined source energies of
1.43 and 2.75 MeV, penetrating single and double layer shields, are examined. Changes in the total
scattered photon energy spectrum, as a function of polar angle and shield thickness, are also discussed.
For any given polar angle, the scattered photon properties decrease exponentially with increasing shield
thickness. Recently, similar conclusions were reported for single source photon energy (Kappos and
Bishop, 1987).
INTRODUCTION
Angular benchmark data and properties of the energy of the scattered photons for 6.13 MeV source photons
have been presented (Bishop and Banai, 1985; Bishop, 1985). Similar data for single source energy of 1.43 MeV
using ammonium metavanadate solution and of 2.75 MeV using activated sodium carbonate solution has
been reported by Kappos et al. (1986).
Experiments have been carried out to determine angular photon distributions for ),-rays, produced by disc
source geometry (Na-24), penetrating single and double layer slabs. The angular distributions were obtained
by unfolding the output pulse heights from a highly collimated scintillation detector using the code RADAK
(Grimstone, 1976). Angular flux spectra were examined for combined source energy of 1.43 and 2.75 MeV
for A1, Pb, 12"A1+ Fe, 12"A1+ Pb, 4"Pb + A1 and 4"Pb + Fe layer shields.
CALCULATION OF SCATTERED PHOTON ENERGY
One property of interest is the energy of the scattered photons Es(MeV). Values of E~ at any polar angle 0
can be derived using the expression:
n
E~(0) = ~ E~(Ixx,E,,0)A E~ (1)
i=l
where
n = number of bins in the unfolded solution relating to the scattered photons below source energy
O~(lax,E~,0)=double differential angular flux spectra (photons/cm2 s sr MeV)
rtx = shield thickness in mean free paths (m.f.p.)
E~= nominal energy group
AEi = energy group width
The experimental data is given in a 21-group energy distribution and two peaks of photon flux were observed
in the groups i= 13 and i=21 for the corresponding energies E~ = 1.43 MeV and E2=2.75 MeV. For the
combined source energies (1.43 and 2.75 MeV), equation (1) is modified as follows:
297