Wieczorkowski Jędrzej, “Open Data as a Source of Product and Organizational Innovations”, Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship ECIE 2019, vol.2, University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece, 19-20 September 2019 Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited, Reading 2019, pp. 1118-1127, DOI:10.34190/ECIE.19.190, ISBN: 978-1-912764-34-1, ISSN: 2049-1050 Copyright The Authors, 2019. Open Data as a Source of Product and Organizational Innovations Jędrzej Wieczorkowski SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland jedrzej.wieczorkowski@sgh.waw.pl Abstract: Open data, in particular Open Government Data (OGD), can be treated as an inspiration and source of innovation in the modern economy. As a result of the ongoing digitization, enterprises and public organizations have more and more available data with huge hidden potential. The openness of the public data on the one hand is associated with the concept of an open government and thus it implements the control aspect of OGD. On the other hand, data openness can stimulate the innovation development and the achievement of economic goals. The open data is used in the development of innovative products, including services and software. It is also applied in the management of organizations by supporting decision making. The aim of the article is to show the business opportunities of sharing OGD in the perspective of product and organizational innovation. The paper presents possible and real innovative products and business models of companies using open data, especially from the public sector. The results of the authors research on the scale and methods of open data sharing in various countries with different maturity levels of the OGD concept were also presented. The analysis includes the biggest European Union countries (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and Poland) and the USA as leader of this idea. The OGD services in the form of Central Repository for Public Information were compared in terms of the possibility of their re-use. The conclusions result from the research carried out by the author on open data websites, the market as well as literature, including the concepts of: innovation, open data and big data. Keywords: Open Data, Open Government Data, OGD, Innovation, Innovativeness, CRPI, Business model. 1. Introduction Rapid technological development, particularly in data collection and processing, gives the whole economy and individual enterprises new opportunities. Amount of data available in digital form, including data generated by the public sector, has grown rapidly in recent years. Modern possibilities of processing large data volumes, referred to as big data concept, allow to use more effectively not only internal data of enterprises, but also allow to connect various external databases. Schumpeter (1934) defined the concept of innovation, according to him, innovations always bring new and better possibilities, although they may take different forms, e.g. new products, new production methods, sources of supply, new markets or business organization methods. Therefore, innovations are novel solutions thanks to which an individual achieves success in the economic or social area. It is a novelty that adds value to the client and contributes to the increase of knowledge in the organization (O`Sullivan and Dooley, 2009). The concept of innovation is very wide. The classic division of innovations regarding the area of implementation is used by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2005) in statistical analyzes. According to this division, product, process, marketing and organizational innovations are distinguished. The article focuses on two types of innovation: product and organization. On the one hand, OGD applications are found to produce new innovative products, including services, on the other hand, to improve internal processes, including management. Open Government is a new way of organizing a state’s activities which uses modern information and communication tools in order to increase the participation of its citizens in governing (Papińska-Kacperek and Polańska, 2015). Government data is any data and information produced or commissioned by public bodies. Open data are data that can be freely used, re-used and distributed by anyone, only subject to (at the most) the requirement that users attribute the data and that they make their work available to be shared as well.