BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 5, May 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1259-1265 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200504 Actinomycetes of rhizosphere soil producing antibacterial compounds against Urinary Tract Infection bacteria PRAMESITA PRAWADIKA APSARI, SRI BUDIARTI ♥ , ARIS TRI WAHYUDI Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Raya Dramaga, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-251-8622833,  email: s_budiarti@yahoo.com, pramesita.p.apsari@gmail.com Manuscript received: 26 November 2018. Revision accepted: 8 April 2019. Abstract. Apsari PP, Budiarti S, Wahyudi AT. 2019. Actinomycetes of rhizosphere soil producing antibacterial compounds against Urinary Tract Infection bacteria. Biodiversitas 20: 1259-1265. Based on the ability of actinomycetes as an antibacterial compounds producer and the need of finding novel antibacterial compounds, this study aims to look for antibacterial compounds from rhizosphere actinomycetes against bacteria in urine of UTI patients (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter braakii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The screening of 21 actinomycetes was conducted based on the paper disc method. Potential actinomycetes that inhibited test bacteria were, then cultured in liquid medium and the supernatant was tested to six test bacteria. Then, the supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate and crude extract from extraction process was tested to test bacteria. Afterward, the crude extract was scanned for bioactive compounds by GC-MS. Potential actinomycetes were identified by 16S rRNA gene to reveal the species. The screening results showed that ARJ 16, 24, and 36 had a wider inhibition zone than others. All of them showed that the supernatant and the crude extract could inhibit UTI's bacteria. The highest abundance of bioactive compound of crude extract was found in Propane, 1,2- dichloro, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and Carbonochloridic acid, 2-chloroethyl ester, respectively. Identification of potential actinomycetes based on 16S rRNA gene showed that ARJ 16 and ARJ 24 were highly similar to Streptomyces sp. in 99% and ARJ 36 was similar to Streptomyces tendae in 98%. Keywords: Actinomycetes, antibacterials, GCMS, Urinary Tract Infection INTRODUCTION The number of Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) cases all over the world are still high and increasing each year (WHO 2018). There are some reports regarding MDR evidence, indicating that the rate of bacteria experienced MDR to cephalosporin significantly increased from 9.6% to 12% between 2011 and 2014 in Europe (ECDC 2015). In Southeast Asia, the resistance rate of bacteria to carbapenem (64.91%) and multidrug (58.51%) showed high percentage (Teerawattanapong et al. 2018). On the other hand, most E. coli (64.9%) from UTI patients in Nepal was reported to have resistance against antibiotics (Parajuli et al. 2017). Klebsiella pneumoniae also showed significant resistance to several antibiotic classes by multi mechanisms in worldwide (Navon-Venezia et al. 2017). Acinetobacter is one of nosocomial bacteria in America Latin, resistant to carbapenem class antibiotic in high prevalence (Gonzalez-Villoria and Valverde-Garduno 2016). The reports above showed that most countries have bacteria resistance diversity to some antibiotics. The bacteria resistance probably results in difficulties and expensive treatments. MDR bacteria which cannot be handled properly perhaps will cause a high mortality and morbidity rate. One of the solutions that can be offered is to search and to find novel antibacterial compounds. Unfortunately, at the moment, the findings related to novel antibacterial compounds are still rare. New discoveries of antibacterial drugs have been slowing since over decades ago (Projan and Shlaes 2016). Due to the risk and novel antibacterial necessity, research on antibacterial compound from our environment is therefore needed. Some bacteria can be used as a source of antibacterial compounds, which are Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes can be found in soil, but mostly in plant decomposition areas (Wang et al. 2016). The majority (66%) of rhizosphere actinomycetes were Streptomyces genera. This bacteria group has high guanine and cytocin contents (more than 51%) in their DNA which support a good metabolism for producing several bioactive compounds (Ventura et al. 2007). They are special microorganisms because of their ability to produce antibacterial compound in variance and abundance. That was evidenced by the discovery of 160 antibiotics for human therapy; 140 of them produced by actinomycetes (Berdy 2005). The inhibition effectivity of actinomycetes inhibiting marine, Antartic, and plant endophyte were different. Actinomycetes isolated from Antartic soil produce antimicrobial compounds against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Lee et al. 2012). Marine actinomycetes Streptomyces atratus SCSIO ZH16Ma produce L-3-nitrotyrosine and L-2-amino-4-hexenoic acid as antimycobacterial in tuberculosis patient (Ma et al. 2017). The crude extract of endophytic actinomycetes of Caesalpinia pyramidalis inhibited Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Fusarium moniliforme, and Staphylococcus aureus in various concentration. Their crude extract includes monoterpene, sesquiterpenes,