ACADEMIA Letters Review on the Prevalence and Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospira Infection in Nigeria Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe Iyevhobu, CEPI/ISTH - Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua Edo State, Nigeria Basil Nnaemeka Obodo, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria Ivie Amanda Airefetalor, CEPI/ISTH - Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua Edo State, Nigeria Patrick Okolo, Department of Medical Microbiology, Edo University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria Introduction Leptospirosis also known as Weil’s syndrome, is a transmissible disease of animals and hu- mans caused by infection with any of the pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira. Lep- tospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis that occurs worldwide and afects human and some animals including horses (Greene, 1998). First described by Adolf Weil in 1888 (Wasinski et al., 2013). It is considered the most prevalent zoonotic disease in the world and has recently been recognize as a re-emerging disease among animals and humans (Slack, 2010). Fortunately, only a small number of serovars will be endemic in any particular region or country. Leptospirosis is a disease that shows a natural habitat, and each serovar tends to be maintained in specifc maintenance hosts. Therefore, in any region, a domestic animal species will be infected by serovars maintained by a species or by serovars maintained by other animal species present in the area. The relative importance of these incidental infections is determined by the opportunity that prevailing social, management, and environmental factors Academia Letters, November 2021 Corresponding Author: Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe Iyevhobu, kennylamai@gmail.com Citation: Iyevhobu, K.O., Obodo, B.N., Airefetalor, I.A., Okolo, P. (2021). Review on the Prevalence and Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospira Infection in Nigeria. Academia Letters, Article 3888. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3888. 1 ©2021 by the authors — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0