FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
Rom J Leg Med [29] 227-231 [2021]
DOI: 10.4323/rjlm.2021.227
© 2021 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine
227
PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTOR OF CRIME
Cristian Delcea
1
, Alexandra Enache
2,*
1
“Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca,
2
“Victor Babes” University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Abstract: Researches and practitioners have long tried to identify potential predictors of crime. In this study,
psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, trait criminality and addiction are investigated as predictors of crime. Using a sample
of 492 adults (half in penitentiary, half not), with a mean age of 34 years, this study found that trait criminality and addiction
are linked to a higher probability of having committed a crime. However, no efect is found for psychoticism, extraversion,
neuroticism and having committed a crime. Future research is needed to replicate these fndings and assess the link between
personality and specifc types of crimes.
Keywords: psychopathological personality traits, crime, personality.
*Correspondence to: Enache Alexandra, MD, PhD, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, E-mail:
esanda2000@yahoo.com
INTRODUCTION
Eforts have been made to identify the
personality traits that favor “criminal behaviour”
(Eriksson et al., 2017; Krueger et al., 1994). Te
Eysenck three-factor model of personality, a grounding
theory of antisocial behaviour, describes vulnerability
to committing crime through three personality
dimensions: (1) psychoticism, describing individuals
as aggressive, selfsh, and impulsive, (2) neuroticism
describing a maladaptive self, chronic fear, and a
tendency towards mood swings, and (3) extroversion
describing a tendency to seek out new and intense
sensations and show dominance in social relationships.
High levels of these traits are usually found in individuals
with a history of incarceration, repetitive criminal fnes,
and penalties for delinquency.
Empirical research supports the association
between personality traits and delinquent behavior.
Higher participation in delinquent behaviours
was associated with a personality confguration
characterized by mood disorders, dysfunctional
negative emotions, and difculties with controlling
impulses (Caspi et al., 2006). For example, Longato-
Stadler et al., (2002) referred to Caufman’s studies
(Caufman et al., 2016) on psychopathological
personality traits, who conducted a study of 130 male
detainees in Swedish prisons convicted of serious crime.
Tey found high scores on the Karolinska Personality
Scales (used to asses personality) for impulsivity,
hostility and aggression, sensation seeking, tension
and nervous stress, and cognitive-social anxiety. Te
authors found low scores on the socialization scale,
which refects a high degree of personality traits related
to psychopathy. Similarly, more recent studies showed
that lower levels of emotionality (i.e., neuroticism)
and lower agreeableness are associated with criminal
behavior (Međedović, 2017; O’Riordan, & O’Connell,
2014). Further, research also links addiction (e.g., use
of psychoactive substances, alcohol, gambling) to crime
and delinquent behavior (Brochu et al., 2001; Jennings
et al., 2015; Lind et al., 2015). As shown by Fehrman
et al., (2019) on 1885 respondents (drug users), certain
personality traits (i.e., impulsivity and sensations
seeking) are also stronger in substance abusers
compared to non-consumers. Finally, trait criminality,
describing a tendency to ignore the desires and rights
of others is also considered to be linked with crime and
recidivism (Pitariu et al., 2008)
Tis paper aims to assess the association of
personality traits and crime. It will build and extend
on previous research by evaluating not only the three