Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering 9(1): 1-9, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2021.090101
Dynamic Tensile Response of Caprine Muscles Using
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar
Somnath H. Kadhane
*
, Hemant N. Warhatkar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. B. A. Technological University, Lonere-Raigad, 402103, Maharashtra State, India
Received March 6, 2020; Revised June 22, 2020; Accepted July 1, 2020
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Somnath H. Kadhane, Hemant N. Warhatkar , "Dynamic Tensile Response of Caprine Muscles Using Split
Hopkinson Pressure Bar," Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1 - 9, 2021. DOI:
10.13189/ujme.2021.090101.
(b): Somnath H. Kadhane, Hemant N. Warhatkar (2021). Dynamic Tensile Response of Caprine Muscles Using Split
Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 9(1), 1 - 9. DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2021.090101.
Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Computer modeling and numerical
simulation has become an efficient diagnostic tool to
predict the human body injuries caused due to high speed
automotive impacts, blast and ballistic impacts. Soft tissues
such as muscles and skin in human body are exposed to
varying strain rates under dynamic loadings during impacts.
The prediction of impact-induced injuries requires a
thorough understanding of mechanical behaviour of soft
tissues for computational modeling of human body. In the
present study, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on
caprine lower extremity muscles in the strain rate range of
(500s
-1
-3500s
-1
) using custom-made split Hopkinson
pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. The challenges in the
dynamic testing of soft tissues such as measurement of
weak transmitted signals, use of viscoelastic pressure bars,
tensile loading of specimen and generation of constant
strain rate were addressed in dynamic tensile testing of
soft tissues using polymeric SHPB. The attenuation and
dispersion in waves are corrected using isolated incident
bar tests. The stress-strain results were determined from the
reconstructed waves for the tests conducted on lower
extremity caprine muscles. The muscle specimens were
tested along and perpendicular to the fiber direction to
study the directional dependency of tissue behaviour. The
stress-strain response was found to be non-linear and
significant dependant on strain rate when tested along and
perpendicular to fiber direction at same strain rates. It is
also observed that at the same strain rate, the specimen
stress of caprine muscle along the perpendicular fiber
direction is higher than that along the fiber direction. The
obtained results may further be used to develop finite
element human body models and safety systems for human
body in high rate scenario.
Keywords Tensile Loading, SHPB, Strain Rate,
Impact, Tissue Behaviour, Caprine Muscle
1. Introduction
Higher strain rates occur not only in automobile impacts,
but also in airplane accidents, impact or bird-strike events,
sport accidents, industrial accidents, slip and falls,
explosive blast, ballistic and bullet impacts. A high strain
rate response of muscle tissue is essential for computer
modeling of soft tissue in research and application
activities of impact biomechanics. The mechanical
response of soft biological tissues at different strain rates is
also essential in high speed automotive impacts and crash
analysis to develop human body models and to design body
armors for effective understanding of the injury
mechanisms. Lower extremity muscles of human body are
subjected to compressive impact during pedestrian-vehicle
impacts. The muscle constitutes are compressed in the
direction transverse to the fiber orientation and slide over
each other, while the muscle constitutes are stretched in the
direction parallel to the fiber orientation. Since muscles are
formed of fiber bundles, the tensile behavior will be
different than the compressive behavior.
The available quantitative data on the mechanical
response of biological soft tissues is mostly limited to