INTRODUCTION Wheat is a main cereal crop in the world, belongs to family Poaceae (Kerasa et al., 2000) and known as “king of cereals”. It is a long day and self-pollinated crop. Wheat is a good source of total carbohydrates (70%), starch (59.2%), protein (12.1%), lipids (1.8%), pentosans (6.7%), reducing sugar (2%) and ash (1.8%) and provide 314 cal/100 g of food (Lorens and Kulp, 1991). Adequate food supply, equitable living standards and safe shelter are the major challenges facing by mankind. But global environmental issues like human induced climate change, land degradation, depletion of ozone layer and loss of biodiversity, intimidate our ability to fulfill basic human needs. According the IPCC (Inter- governmental panel on climate change), global mean temperature was rise by 0.60°C in last century, and last decade was warmest on record. In future, climate change will adversely affect the socio-economic sector, such as agriculture, fisheries, forestry, human settlement and ecological systems both in developed and developing countries. Agriculture sector is very sensitive to weather vulnerabilities and long-term variations in climate. Agronomic practices, soil, seed, pests and diseases have significant influence on crop yield. Human induced climate change and environmental problems are limiting factor for farm productivity and insurance of food security. Weather vulnerabilities and climate change affect the agriculture by two ways: first, directly due to temperature stress, changing the frequency and pattern of rainfall and second, by changing the soil properties, frequency and distribution of insect pests, diseases and weeds. Drought conditions under heat stress, could adversely affect the wheat production in Pakistan. During the end of this century mean temperature of world is expected to increase about 5-6°C (IPCC, 2014). At the same time, there is a possibility of weather vulnerabilities like drought, floods and timing of monsoon (Rosenzweig et al., 2001). Wheat is major staple food of Pakistan. Globally, Pakistan is a major wheat producer (Dowswell, 1989). In J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 2019, 7(1):7-17. ISSN (Online): 2311-3839; ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.842 http://www.jgiass.com WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE: CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITIES ON DIFFERENT ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESSES Tauqeer Qadir 1 , Kamran Akhtar 1 , Aftab Ahmad 3 , Aamir Shakoor 4,* , Muhammad Saqib 2 , Sadam Hussain 1 and Muhammad Rafiq 2 1 Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan; 2 Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad-Pakistan; 3 Global Change Impact Studies Centre GCISC-Islamabad Faisalabad-Pakistan; 4 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-Pakistan. * Corresponding author’s e-mail: aamirskr@yahoo.com Environmental vulnerabilities such as temperature stress and increasing CO2 concentration are the major constraints for plant growth, metabolism and productivity worldwide. Many biochemical reactions are involved in plant growth and development, which are very sensitive to environmental vulnerabilities. Plant response to HT varies with HT duration, degree and plant type. HT is a major concern for crop production and obtaining the sustainable yield. Wheat plant possess a number of avoidances, adaptive and acclimation mechanism to cope with HT situations. Employ ions transporter, osmoprotectants and antioxidant are the major tolerant mechanism adopt by plant. Signaling decades and transcriptional control are activated to offset stress induced physiological and biochemical alterations. As biotic stress, weeds, insect pests and diseases will be winner under changing climate conditions because of their more diversity and adaptive power. Weeds, pest attack and diseases of wheat will increase in near future under changing climatic conditions and risk of invasiveness may increase. Wheat crop is weather stimuli, which affected by extreme weather condition. Temperature stress, changing rainfall pattern and increase in CO2 concentrations will affect pathogen attack, increase insects, weeds and their competiveness with wheat crop. Efficiency of present management practices may also be affected under changing climatic conditions. This article reviews the consequences of different environmental vulnerabilities on abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat. Most of research was conducted for evaluation of the effects of a single factor, but only few studies were carried out for interaction of multiple factors. Research is needed to evaluate the effects of change in climatic factors on wheat production and find out the interactions between climate vulnerabilities and abiotic stresses, in order to develop the strategies to minimize their affects. Keyword: Climate change, food security, staple food, cereal, disease, insects, weeds.