© 2008 The Author
Journal Compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
History Compass 6/4 (2008): 1164–1172, 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00526.x
Spatial Personas: A New Technique for
Interpreting Colonial Encounters in Colonial
North America
Ian Chambers*
University of Idaho
Abstract
This article by proposing the theoretical tool of a ‘spatial persona’ hopes to situate
space, its definition and movement within and across it, as a tool of understanding
for the complex relations that exist within colonial contact. By taking a confused
moment of interaction from the eighteenth century American southeast it will
detail how spatial understandings can help unravel uncertainty to give a more
nuanced explanation of European Native American interaction.
This article examines the manner in which the theoretical tool of a ‘spatial
persona’ can be used not only to explore a group’s identity, but also to
help explain the interaction between all players during the early American
era, specifically in the borderland region of the southeast.
1
A need for
standardization, for straight-lines and the definition and control that
accompanied them were the hallmarks of a growing desire for regulation
of territory within English understandings of space during the early
eighteenth century. The Cherokee, although recognizing discrete spatial
locations, combined this with an understanding of the possibility of
linkage between spaces; a linkage structured and ritualized that when
performed correctly allowed for movement between those spaces.
2
This article revisits the events that led to the meeting between the
Cherokee and Sir Alexander Cumming at Nikwasi on April 3, 1730, at
which Cumming claims to have been crowned the ‘King of the Cherokee’.
The approach is to walk with Cumming as he enters Cherokee space and
reexamine the actions that led to his claimed coronation by examining the
event through both the British and Cherokee spatial personas to unveil
the different and complementary meanings of the incident.
Utilizing a spatial analysis, the actions that occurred during the trip are
reexamined. The article further details how actions viewed by the British
as a daring and bold adventure, that brought the Cherokee into British
space and therefore under British control, were for the Cherokee a series
of events which, through a series of specific ceremonial actions, created a