Research Article
Heat Transport Improvement and Three-Dimensional Rotating
Cone Flow of Hybrid-Based Nanofluid
Azad Hussain,
1
Qusain Haider ,
1
Aysha Rehman ,
1
M. Y. Malik ,
2
Sohail Nadeem ,
3
and Shafiq Hussain
4
1
Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
4
Department of Computer Science, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Qusain Haider; qusain.haider336@gmail.com
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 28 September 2021; Published 27 October 2021
Academic Editor: Fateh Mebarek-Oudina
Copyright © 2021 Azad Hussain et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
e current research aims to study the mixed convection of a hybrid-based nanofluid consisting of ethylene glycol-water,
copper (II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) in a vertical cone. A hybrid base blend model is used to examine the
nanofluid’s hydrostatic and thermal behaviors over a diverse range of Reynolds numbers. e application of mixed nano-
particles rather than simple nanoparticles is one of the most imperative things in increasing the heat flow of the fluids. To test
such a flow sector, for the very first time, a hybrid-based mixture model was introduced. Also, the mixture framework is a
single-phase model formulation, which was used extensively for heat transfer with nanofluids. Comparison of computed values
with the experimental values is presented between two models (i.e., the model of a mixture with the model of a single-phase).
e natural convection within the liquid phase of phase change material is considered through the liquid fraction dependence
of the thermal conductivity. e predicted results of the current model are also compared with the literature; for numerical
results, the bvp4c algorithm is used to quantify the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction diffusion on the continuity,
momentum, and energy equations using the viscous model for convective heat transfer in nanofluids. Expressions for velocity
and temperature fields are presented. Also, the expressions for skin frictions, shear strain, and Nusselt number are obtained.
e effects of involved physical parameters (e.g., Prandtl number, angular velocity ratio, buoyancy ratio, and unsteady
parameter) are examined through graphs and tables.
1. Introduction
Nanofluid is the mixture of hard nanoparticles with the
basefluid.estudyofnanofluidisofhugeinterestforthe
evaluation of increasing thermal conductivity, In the
engineering, cooling is important, such as the cooling of
nano-electromechanical systems and semiconductors.
e convection of nanofluids flow in nanowires such as
microchannels and microtubes is mandatory to use
nanofluids for these low-scale cooling techniques.
Nanofluids are served in related works with single-phase
heterogeneous fluids (whereas the nanoparticles are
consistently distributed in base fluids). Free convection is
critical in thermal engineering in nanofluid within en-
closures because rising heat flow is a significant problem
for energy efficiency. e first attempts to improve heat
transport using nanofluid. ey simulated the heat
transfer features of nanofluids in a two-dimensional in-
sertion and originate that the heat transfer rate dramat-
ically increases with postponed nanoparticles at every
Grashof value. Elaziz and Marin [1] investigated one
significant feature of theory, and it does not account for
thermal energy dissipation. We discover a method for
dealing with elastic interactions that do not take into
account energy dissipation caused by heat sources and
body forces. Remote as literature analysis is revised,
Hindawi
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2021, Article ID 6633468, 11 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633468