ABSTRACTS New Biotechnology · Volume 25S · September 2009 with different fed-batch control strategies. A scale-down approach has been developed by considering slow release techniques and intermittent feeding, in order to reproduce the glucose and dis- solved oxygen fluctuations experienced in large-scale reactors. In a first time, the mini bioreactor set up has been compared to pilot and large-scale cultures of S. cerevisiae. In a second time, the mini- reactor set up has been used to screen the response of several green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strains (adh2, tps2, pdc6, hxt2 and crz1). The GFP content of the cells has been determined by flow cytometry in order to take into account population hetero- geneity. In front of these results, the methodology presented in this work can be proposed as a high throughput scale-down tool. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.221 2.6.119 Fermentative production of food additives by D. Hansenii, L. Rhamnosus and A. Niger using economic nutrients J.M. Salgado * , N. Rodríguez, B. Max, A. Torrado, J.M. Domínguez Vigo University, Ourense, Spain Xylitol, a naturally occurring five carbon polyalcohol, has a grow- ing interest for the food industry due to both its high sweetening power and its technological properties (including not cariogenic character, tolerance by diabetics and negative solution heat). Lactic acid is primarily used in the food industry as acidulant, preserva- tive, and for production of emulsifying agents. Meanwhile, citric acid is widely used in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and finds applications in a variety of other industries, from textiles to electroplating. In spite of the advantages of these metabolites obtained by fermentation, the biotechnological process must be cost competi- tive with the chemical synthesis. Thus, the utilization of cheaper nutrients is one of the main goals in order to make this process economically viable. The European Council Regulation (EC) No. 337/79 states that “wine lees is the residue that forms at the bottom of recipients containing wine, after fermentation, during storage or after autho- rized treatments”. According to the EC 1493/1999 on the common organisation of the wine market, grape marc and wine lees must be sent to alcohol distilleries, producing exhausted grape marc and a liquid waste (vinasse), which are acidic effluents with high organic content, including acids, carbohydrates, phenols, and unsaturated compounds with high COD, BOD 5 , and solid concentrations. Vinasses were obtained from the five certified brands of origin of Galicia (Spain): Valdeorras, Ribeiro, Rías Baixas, Ribeira Sacra, and Monterrei. Tartaric acid (TA), which is found precipitated as potassium bitartrate and calcium tartrate, can be recovered in two steps: the first one involves the dissolution of the tartrate salts with HCl, whereas during the second step the TA is selectively precipitated to calcium tartrate. The removed substances during the second stage, without the TA recovered by filtration, remain in stream B. These removed substances include some proteins and minerals. The yeast D. hansenii, the bacterium L. rhamnosus, and the fun- gus A. niger were employed to produce xylitol, lactic acid and citric acid respectively using three types of vinasses: (a) without TA recovery, (b) obtained after TA recovery, and (c) obtained after TA recovery plus the removed substances contained in Stream B, using different concentrations: 20, 30, or 40 g/L. Under the optima con- ditions, the results improved the values obtained using comercial nutrients or cheap nutrients as corn steep liquor. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.222 2.6.120 Development and operation of a multi-proposal solid- state fermentation bioreactor for lipase production using an agro-industrial residue as culture medium M. Gutarrra 1,* , M. Godoy 1 , M. Silva 1 , J. Silva 1 , L. Castilho 2 , D. Freire 1 1 Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Solid-state fermentation (SSF) bioreactors development, monitora- tion and process control are still in the beginning, making difficult scale-up procedures. But scaling-up SSF process is now of inter- est by researches and industries because of high SSF applicability and because of some advantages over submerged fermentation that have been described as lower production cost, higher pro- ductivity and production of enzymes with great properties in SSF. The fungus Penicillium simplicissimum produces lipase by SSF in tray-type bioreactor using the babassu cake, an abundant and low-cost agro-industrial residue in Brazil, as culture medium. The crude extract obtained from this process shows high quantities of an acid and thermostable lipase. This enzyme when immobilized on hydrophobic supports shows high esterification activity and enatio-selectivity. Here, a SSF bioreactor, projected to operate as a packed-bed or an agitated-bed, was developed for scale-up stud- ies in P. simplicissimum lipase production allowing fermentation of 40 times more solids. The type of bioreactor, aeration rate and inoculum type were evaluated for lipase production. In packed-bed bioreactor, maximum lipase production obtained with spores as inoculum (conventional inoculum type) was reached in 72 h of fer- mentation (49.4 U/g of dried mass). However with 10% fermented babassu cake as inoculum the lag growth phase was reduced and lipase production anticipated, reaching a maximum lipase produc- tion in 48 h of fermentation (69.5 U/g of dried mass) showing 2.4 times higher productivity when compared with spores inoculum. The lipase activity and productivity increase with higher flow rates showing maximum values with 11.6 L/min. The agitated bed biore- actor, operating with fermented solids as inoculum, aeration rate of 11.6 L/min and agitation of 30 rpm, anticipated lipase production showing maximum activity and productivity in 24 h of fermen- tation. The agitated bed bioreactor promotes better heat removal from the bed and does not damage fungal structure and enzyme secretion. The production in packed-bed and agitated-bed bioreac- tor showed lipase activities and productivities comparable to those produced in the tray-type bioreactor. This bioreactor worked effi- S236 www.elsevier.com/locate/nbt