Effects of paracoprid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on the growth of pasture herbage and on the underlying soil Hea Son Bang a , Joon-Ho Lee b, * , Oh Seok Kwon a , Young Eun Na a , Yong Seon Jang a , Won Ho Kim c a National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, South Korea b School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea c National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon 441-706, South Korea Received 5 May 2004; received in revised form 30 October 2004; accepted 2 November 2004 Abstract Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine effects of three paracoprid dung beetles, Copris ochus (Motschulsky), Copris tripartitus Waterhouse and Onthophagus lenzii Harold, on the growth of pasture herbage and physical characteristics of the underlying soil. Treatments consisted of beetles plus dung, dung only and controls with neither dung nor beetles present. In the field in 2001, higher herbage yields were obtained with O. lenzii  C. ochus = C. tripartitus  only dung = control after 5 months. The air permeability of soil at a depth of 10 cm was highest when C. ochus was present (0.56 cm h 1 ), and lowest in the control (0.38 cm h 1 ). However, no significant differences were found among treatments in air permeability at 20 cm. In 2002/2003, the presence of all three species of dung beetle together was associated with higher herbage yields and with higher percentage nitrogen content than the control. In the laboratory, the presence of C. ochus and C. tripartitus was found to increase significantly the total crude protein in grass shoots and total digestible nutrient, compared with the control. The digestibility, dry intake and relative feed value of perennial ryegrass were highest where feces had been buried by O. lenzii. Acid detergent fiber was low in all treatments. The data suggest that the tunneling of paracoprid beetles improves the physico- chemical characteristics of soil and increases the feed value of herbage by mixing and incorporating organic matter into the soil. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Dung beetles; Herbage yield; Soil aeration; Feed value 1. Introduction Dung beetles belong to the family Scarabaeidae, one of the largest families of beetles with approxi- mately 30,000 species worldwide (Hanski and Cambefort, 1991). In Korea, there are about 90 species of dung beetle, belonging to five subfamilies and 11 genera (Kim, 1994). However, changes in livestock and pasture management during the past three decades are thought to have resulted in a general decline in dung beetle abundance and a reduction in the diversity of dung beetle communities, especially www.elsevier.com/locate/apsoil Applied Soil Ecology 29 (2005) 165–171 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2 880 4504; fax: +82 2 880 873 2319. E-mail address: jh7lee@snu.ac.kr (J.-H. Lee). 0929-1393/$ – see front matter # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.11.001