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T
he 6G era comes with the challenge of offering
highly energy-efficient and autonomous communi-
cations securely. In this direction, we report ener-
gy efficiency (EE), energy harvesting (EH), and
secure performance by employing power-collecting meta-
surface-coated devices capable of supporting ultralow-
power (ULP) transmissions. In contrast to what are called
reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), where the reflect-
ed signal can be combined at the receiver by being treat-
ed as transmitted from a relay, the proposed metasurface
claddings can be deployed at either the transmitter or
receiver or at both. The passive metasurface-coated
devices can achieve ultrahigh EE and EH in addition to
signal detection, combined with an enhanced secrecy
rate at the legitimate user or, if used from the other side
of the link, spying capabilities of eavesdroppers under
ULP transmission. To quantify their efficiency, we provide
a holistic model for the utilization of the metasurface
shells. Building upon this model, we present preliminary
results that reveal the unprecedented superiority of the
proposed concept compared to the RIS paradigm. Addi-
tionally, we enumerate the main advantages of the new
concept and define its role in the 6G era. Finally, possible
research directions are discussed.
Overview
5G mobile communication networks have already been
rolled out in many countries and currently provide prom-
ising services to billions of smart devices aimed at
improving the lives of civilians. Nevertheless, the
unprecedented increasing usage of smart devices driven
by next-generation Internet of Things (IoT) applications
will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of wireless
data traffic. Apparently, the aforementioned growing
demand of data-hungry 5G service has already overload-
ed the existing cellular networks and appears to be a bad
sign for new deployments [1].
Prior to the 5G release, the technology was focused on
improving the performance of communication systems in
terms of error rate, outage, and data throughput, assum-
ing an unconfigurable propagation environment. As a con-
sequence, the main focus of the wireless society has been
to utilize complex and inevitably energy-hungry transmis-
sion/reception as well as signal processing schemes ca-
pable of mitigating the channel impairments by exploiting
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MVT.2021.3119282
Date of current version: 16 November 2021
METASURFACE-COATED
DEVICES
A New Paradigm for Energy-Efficient and Secure 6G
Communications
Theodoros A. Tsiftsis, Constantinos Valagiannopoulos, Hongwu Liu,
Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos, and Nikolaos I. Miridakis