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OA Maced J Med Sci. 2015 Dec 15; 3(4):727-731. 727
ID Design 2012/DOOEL Skopje
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015 Dec 15; 3(4):727-731.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.128
eISSN: 1857-9655
Public Health
Resilience and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
Gordana Ristevska-Dimitrоvska
1*
, Izabela Filov
1
, Domnika Rajchanovska
1
, Petar Stefanovski
2
, Beti Dejanova
3
1
University St. Kliment Ohridski Bitola, Higher Medical School Bitola, Bitola, Republic of Macedonia;
2
Clinical Hospital Dr.
Trifun Panovski, Department of Oncology, Bitola, Republic of Macedonia;
3
Department of Medical and Experimental
Physiology with Anthropology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Citation: Ristevska-Dimitrоvska G, Filov I, Rajchanovska
D, Stefanovski P, Dejanova B. Resilience and Quality of
Life in Breast Cancer Patients. OA Maced J Med Sci.
2015 Dec 15; 3(4):727-731.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.128
Key words: resilience; quality of life; breast cancer;
Connor Davidson Resilience Scale; EORTC QLQ-C30.
*
Correspondence: Dr. Gordana Ristevska-Dimitrоvska.
University St. Kliment Ohridski Bitola, Higher Medical
School Bitola, Vasko Karangjelevski bb, Bitola 7000,
Republic of Macedonia. Phone: +38971294310. E-Mail:
gordana.md@gmail.com
Received: 20-Nov-2015; Revised: 28-Nov-2015;
Accepted: 07-Dec-2015; Online first: 08-Dec-2015
Copyright: © 2015 Gordana Ristevska-Dimitrоvska,
Izabela Filov, Domnika Rajchanovska, Petar
Stefanovski, Beti Dejanova. This is an open-access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that
no competing interests exist.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that a relationship exists between quality of life (QoL)
and resilience in breast cancer patients, but few studies present information on the nature of this
relationship of resilience on QoL. Our aim was to examine the relationship between resilience and
quality of life in breast cancer patients.
METHODS: QoL was measured in 218 consequent breast cancer patients, with EORTC - QLQ
Core 30 questionnaire, and EORTC QLQ-BR23. The resilience was measured with Connor
Davidson Resilience Scale.
RESULTS: The global quality of life was positively correlated with the levels of resilience (R = 0.39
p < 0.001). All functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning was in a
positive correlation with resilience. The symptoms severity (fatigue, nausea and vomitus, pain,
dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, financial difficulties) was in negative
correlation with resilience. Less resilient breast cancer patients reported worse body image and
future perspective and suffered from more severe adverse effects of systemic therapy, and
arm/breast symptoms.
CONCLUSION: Our findings show that psychological resilience affects different aspects of health-
related quality of life. More resilient patients have significantly better quality of life in almost all
aspects of QoL.
Introduction
Resilience
Psychological resilience represents an ability
of a person to protect his/her mental health when
faced with adversity such is the cancer diagnosis.
Adversity, through resilience mechanisms, can be
reframed and become a possibility that one can learn
and even benefit from. Psychiatry, as well as
psychology, have repeatedly addressed the negative
outcomes derived from cancer experience, such as
depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms as well
as anxiety [1]. But, very little is known about, what
drives people to fight, survive and grow, when faced
with cancer. When describing the cancer experience,
one can approach resilience from several aspects [2].
We can approach to resilience as a baseline
characteristic, a personality trait that enables
individual to maintain mental health when exposed to
stressful situation [3, 4]. People who are full of
optimism, hope, are motivated and have solid social
support system prior to the adversity, may be
considered as more resilient [5, 6]. Second way of
understanding resilience is to view it as a mechanism,
which a person can use to adapt and protect good
mental health [7]. Another way of understanding
resilience is if we measure it as an outcome, as a
consequence of adversity [8]. When resilience
represents consequence, there is no way for an
individual to know if he/she is resilient until faced with
adversity.
Cancer survivors, who are more optimistic
and hopeful for the future, cope better with cancer and
even experience personal growth [9-13]. We can
expect that breast cancer survivors, who are married
[14, 15], have bigger and better social support system
[16-18], and have positive coping styles [19], to be