Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry Executive Functioning and Dysfunctional Schema Modes in Individuals with Frontal Lobe Lesion and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy; Mega Case Analysis Volume 5 Issue 1 - 2016 Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan *Corresponding author: Sabir Zaman, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Email: Received: September 07, 2015 | Published: January 12, 2016 Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Case Report Introduction Executive functioning is the brain ability to absorb informa- tion, interpret this information and make decision based upon this information. The executive function brain controlled func- tions that guide various functions of the body such as planning, problem solving, paying attention, organizing and directing the body to carry out the daily activities, and all theses function de- pends greatly to the frontal lobe of the brain. A good executive function depends on healthy frontal lobes, which are located in the top front part of brain, right behind the forehead. The frontal lobes have control over many body func- tions. This part of the brain develops through adolescence and into adult life. The dysfunctional schema modes consist of mal- adaptive punitive parent and dysfunctional coping style. It is a part of the schema modes. Schema Modes are the emotional ex- pression and the cognitive states of individuals and their coping strategies and responses which they have experience from move- ment to movement. The schema modes reflect state constructs as they are dependent on the situation an individual is in and are strongly related to the current emotional state of the patient [3]. A schema mode is developed during the childhood and adoles- cence. The schema modes has well arranged limited information and experience and gradually developed. The modification and expansion in schema modes occur throughout one’s lifetime. The schema modes are self perpetuating and very difficult to modify or change it. A lot of our schema modes are triggered by the life situations, circumstances, and the life events and activities that we are too sensitive to these activities and the individuals may swing in between or may shift from one schema modes to anoth- er. Several our schema modes excessively react to situations or events and are active in ways that is hurting to us. Individual have several modes and may switch between them in ways that are confusing for other people. The schema Modes are grouped into four major categories or domains; Healthy Adult mode, Child modes, Maladaptive Dysfunctional Coping, and Dys- functional Parent. All these major modes have 14 sub schema modes are detailed in Table 1. The human brain is one of the most complex living structure in the universe. It works more than super computer store a lot of information and control the body functions. The brain consists of four lobes. Each lobes has their own importance but the frontal lobe play key role in the brain on its unique characteristics and executive functioning. Frontal lobes primarily support higher cog- nitive process, executive skills and working memory, executive Abstract The present study was to investigate the executive functioning like selective attention, cognitive flexibility, processing speed and executive processing abilities in individuals with frontal lobe lesion and temporal lobe epilepsy by using a tool Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test [1]. The study also tried to explore emotional problems, cognitive state, specific behavioral responses and coping strategies of individuals with frontal lobe lesion and temporal lobe epilepsy. The present study was also designed to develop the reflective understanding of dysfunctional and healthy modes of individuals of frontal lobe lesion and temporal lobe epilepsy measure through Schema Mode Inventory Urdu version [2]. The sample of the present study consisted of 08 cases 04 cases related to frontal lobe lesion and 04 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy. Our finding indicated that the individuals of frontal lobe lesion and temporal lobe epilepsy were found significantly engaged in dysfunctional modes, such as Child Modes, Maladaptive and Punitive Parents Modes. On Stroop Test the Standard Deviation of individuals with frontal lobe lesion (74.18) and temporal lobe epilepsy (59.25) both the values are below the standard value (98) which shows the significant level. The Stroop Test measure executive functioning like selective attention executive processing, cognitive flexibility and inhibition control all these qualities are low and poor in individuals with frontal lobe lesion and temporal lobe epilepsy. The individuals with frontal lobe lesion and temporal lobe epilepsy were engaged in dysfunctional modes such as Child Modes, Maladaptive and Punitive Parent Modes are positively associated with executive functioning. Individuals with dysfunctional schema modes are lower score on Stroop test. Keywords: Executive functioning; Dysfunctional schema modes; Frontal lobe lesion; Temporal lobe epilepsy J Psychol Clin Psychiatry 2016, 5(1): 00246