Electronics 2021, 10, 2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182258 www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics Review Assessment of Conducted Emission for Multiple Compact Fluorescent Lamps in Various Grid Topology Lok Choon Long 1,2,3, *, Waseem El Sayed 1,2,3 , Venkatkumar Munesswaran 1,2,3 , Niek Moonen 2 , Robert Smolenski 1 and Piotr Lezynski 1 1 Institute of Automatic Control, Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Licealna 9, 65‐417 Zielona Gora, Poland; waseem.elsayed@ieee.org (W.E.S.); Venkatkumar.Muneeswaran@nottingham.ac.uk (V.M.); r.smolenski@iee.uz.zgora.pl (R.S.); p.lezynski@iee.uz.zgora.pl (P.L.) 2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; niek.moonen@utwente.nl 3 George Green Institute for Electromagnetic Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK * Correspondence: c.l.lok@utwente.nl or c.lok@iee.uz.zgora.pl Abstract: This paper presents the measurement of aggregated conducted emission in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz produced by multiple compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and how it equates to a multiple power converter system. Discrepancies in peak emission measurement results related to this application are illustrated to understand the underlying issue related to volatility of frequency components. Furthermore, this knowledge analyzes the relation of electromagnetic dis‐ turbances with respect to different topological network connections. The final presented results con‐ stitute theoretical description and statistical information about the characteristics of conducted emission measured in this multi‐converter system. Keywords: CFL; conducted emission; DM; EMI; Grid topology; power converter 1. Introduction Nowadays, power converters are used in the majority of household appliances due to the benefits with respect to volume, weight, performance, and energy efficiency. The power converters used in residential appliances generally have switching frequencies from a few kHz to tens of kHz, these appliances can generate a substantial amount of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in that frequency range. In particular, power converter technology has been widely implemented in lighting application since the introduction of Regulation (EC) Number 244/2009 and 245/2009, which were introduced to phase out the incandescent lamps [1,2]. Consequently, the usage of fluorescent lamps (FL) being used in many households and its usage is likely to increase in the future [3]. For instance, in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries, the de‐ mand for FLs has risen significantly over the last decades and continues to rise from an estimated 1.2 billion in 2020 to 1.6 billion in 2027 [4]. Moreover, there are local regulatory guidelines that specify illuminance in workspace. For instance, a standard indoor work‐ space requires 300 to 500 lumen per square‐meter illumination to meet the desired re‐ quirement [5,6]. Hence, a higher number of lamps per floor area is used. With large num‐ ber of lamps connected in electrical grid, their combined impact to the electrical grid is not negligible. Meanwhile, the effects of power quality and harmonic have been the sub‐ ject of research for many years, with a summary and discussion of ongoing areas of re‐ search available in [7–11]. Those research studies are mainly focus on emphasize dedi‐ Citation: Lok, C.L.; El Sayed, W.; Venkatkumar, M.; Moonen, N.; Smolenski, R.; Lezynski, P. Assessment of Conducted Emission for Multiple Compact Fluorescent Lamps in Various Grid Topology. Electronics 2021, 10, 2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ electronics10182258 Academic Editor: Ahmed Abu‐Siada Received: 21 August 2021 Accepted: 10 September 2021 Published: 14 September 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neu‐ tral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu‐ tional affiliations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Li‐ censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and con‐ ditions of the Creative Commons At‐ tribution (CC BY) license (http://crea‐ tivecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).