© Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade. All rights reserved FME Transactions (2020) 48, 329-341 329
Received: October 2019, Accepted: February 2020
Correspondence to: Prof. C. Bharatiraja, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of
Science and Technology,Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: bharatiraja.c@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in
doi:10.5937/fme2002329F
Abu Feyo
Lecturer
Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Jimma Institute of
Technology,Jimma University,
Ethiopia
Amruth Ramesh Thelkar
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Jimma Institute of
Technology,Jimma University,
Ethiopia
C Bharatiraja
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics
SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
India
Visiting Researcher, Engineering
Department of Electrical, University of
South Africa,
South Africa
Yusuff Adedayo
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical, Florida Campus
Unisa South Africa,
South Africa
Reference Design and Comparative
Analysis of Model Reference Adaptive
Control for Steam Turbine Speed
Control
This paper presents the mathematical modeling of the steam turbine unit
with the fuzzy controller in an isolated operating condition, especially in
nuclear power plants. The water level in the steam generator is one of the
main causes for the shutdown of the reactor. This problem has been of
immense concern during the past years as the steam generator and
governor speed control is a highly nonlinear system showing inverse
response dynamics. In the present research a simulink model of turbine
with fuzzy controller is designed. The results are compared and analyzed
with MRAC design technique to determine better methodological solution
for the steam turbine speed control and achieved, time to the adaption
effectiveness of 0.3 to 2.5% with and without GDB. Improved set point
tracking and control with respect to turbine speed are demonstrated for the
cases when governor dead-band is present and absent.
Keywords Steam turbine, Governor Dead Band (GDB), Model Reference
Adaptive Control (MRAC), Lyapunov rule, Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC)..
1. INTRODUCTION
The steam turbines may the used for the applications to
drive an electric generator or equipment such as boiler
feedwater pumps, process pumps, air compressors, paper
mills and refrigeration chillers. The Rankine cycle and
thermodynamic principles are the fundamental basis for
steam turbines, in conventional power generating stations
where water is first pumped to elevated pressure, which is
medium to high pressure, depending on the type of
turbine unit and then most frequently superheated. For
the commercial and industrial applications, the pressu-
rized steam is expanded to lower pressure in a multistage
turbine, then exhausted either to a condenser at vacuum
conditions or into an intermediate temperature steam
distribution system and condensate to utilized back. The
measured stimulus and response samples of turbine or
plants, used for system identification, involve building a
mathematical model of dynamic system. System
identification is a process of acquiring, formatting,
processing and identifying mathematical models based on
raw data from the real-world system. System
identification of an interacting series process for real-time
model predictive control is done and many critical
challenging problems are occurring due to the non-linear
behaviour in most of the nuclear power plant and
chemical industries. Therefore, traditional control
techniques are needed for most of the chemical process
industries. Conical tanks exhibit non-linear behaviour
which is suitable for food process industries, concrete
mixing industries, hydrometallurgical industries and
waste water treatment industries. [1,2].
The industrial processes are complex in nature. It is
difficult to develop a closed loop control model. Also,
the human operator is often required to provide online
adjustment, which makes the process performance
greatly dependent upon the experience of the individual
operator. It would be extremely useful if some kind of
systematic methodology can be developed for the
process control model that is suited to this kind of
industrial process. There are some variables in conti-
nuous DCS (distributed control system) that suffer from
several unexpected disturbances during the operation
(noise, parameter variation, model uncertainties), so the
human supervision (adjustment) is necessary. If the
operator has a little experience, the system may be
damaged or operated at lower efficiency. One such
system is the control of steam turbine speed using PI
controller as the main controller for controlling the
process variable. The process is exposed to unexpected
conditions and the controller fails to maintain the
process variable in a satisfied manner and retuning of
the controller becomes necessary. In a nuclear power
plant, the water level in the steam generator is one of the
main causes that shutdown the reactor, this problem has
been of great concern for many years as the steam gene-
rator and governor speed control is a highly nonlinear
system showing inverse response dynamics. The speed
governor dead band has significant effect on the
dynamic performance of load frequency system[3,4].
To cope with the above listed problems, much
research has been devoted with various control tech-
niques. Conventional controllers are widely used in
industries due to low cost, ease of implementation and
tuning. The performance of these conventional contro-
llers has been enhanced by tuning various methods viz
Zeigler - Nichol’s and simplex method. Even though,
but the conventional PID controllers with fixed gain are