321 Plant Breeding Reviews, Volume 45, First Edition. Edited by Irwin Goldman. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Genetic Revelations of a New Paradigm of Plant Domestication as a Landscape Level Process Robin G. Allaby School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Institute of Archaeology, UCL, London, UK School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA Institute of Archaeology, UCL, London, UK School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China ABSTRACT As genetic and archaeological evidence has developed over the past few years, it has become apparent that our most basic assumptions about how crops became incorporated into human culture may be in need of fundamental revision. Conventionally, crop origins have been understood through a local founding model in which one or multiple centers of small localized popula- tions are formed through cultivation leading to domesticated forms as plants adapt to local human environments either over short, or more recently, longer time frames. However, the genetic expectations of such models are not being met by archaeogenomic and archaeological data. A key concept to the local 8 Chris J. Stevens Logan Kistler Dorian Q. Fuller