Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-021-01864-w
SHORT PAPER
A Split-Input Driver-Enabled High-Speed and
Energy-Efficient Level Shifter Using Hybrid Pull-Up Network
A. V. Mayakkannan
1
· Selvakumar Rajendran
2
· Srihari Kannan
3
·
Arvind Chakrapani
2
· V. K. Shanmuganathan
4
Received: 6 June 2021 / Revised: 26 September 2021 / Accepted: 29 September 2021
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
Abstract
Level shifters are the prominent interfacing circuits used in VLSI systems involv-
ing multiple supply voltages for their energy-efficient operation. The hybrid pull-up
network (HPN)-based level shifter (HPLS) with an enhanced speed and energy perfor-
mance is proposed in this paper that minimizes the voltage drop and current contention
issue prevalent in the prior art. The HPN comprises the cross-coupled PMOS and the
current mirror structure to improve the standby power performance. The proposed
HPLS utilizes a split-input driver as an output stage to achieve both the area and
energy efficiency. In addition, the usage of a pass transistor in the pull-down network
enhances the speed performance by decreasing the rise/fall times. The performance of
HPLS is verified by implementing it in CMOS 180 nm technology using Cadence tool
and simulated through Spectre circuit simulator. The simulation results of the HPLS
B A. V. Mayakkannan
avmayakannan@gmail.com
Selvakumar Rajendran
rselva0590@gmail.com
Srihari Kannan
harionto@gmail.com
Arvind Chakrapani
arvichakra@gmail.com
V. K. Shanmuganathan
shankris21@gmail.com
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, J.N.N Institute of Engineering,
Chennai, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641032, India
3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu 641035, India
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.N.N Institute of Engineering, Chennai, India