37 Yravedra et al. Article JTa113. All rights reserved. *E-mail: joyravedra@hotmail.com 2011 Journal of Taphonomy PROMETHEUS PRESS/PALAEONTOLOGICAL NETWORK FOUNDATION (TERUEL) VOLUME 9 (ISSUE 1) Available online at www.journaltaphonomy.com Taphonomic studies of carnivores have become an integral part of taphonomic research in the past two decades. These studies are developing a referential framework for the identification of carnivore signature variety in the fossil record. Hyaenas and felids are predominant in these studies, whereas other carnivores such as wolves have not received as much attention yet. This paper analyses wild horse carcasses processed by wild wolves and discusses the implications for the study of site formation in the Eurasian Pleistocene. Carcasses have undergone different kinds of consumption by wild wolves and show important differences in the degree of bone modification according to wolf hunting and scavenging strategies. The different degree of bone destruction when consumed in one or many events is also discussed. Keywords: TAPHONOMY, WOLF, WILD HORSE, HUNTING, SCAVENGING, TOOTH MARKS. A Taphonomic Study of Wild Wolf (Canis lupus) Modification of Horse Bones in Northwestern Spain José Yravedra* Department of Prehistory, Complutense University c/Prof. Aranguren s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain Laura Lagos Institute of Food Research and Analysis. Santiago de Compostela University Santiago de Compostela, Spain Felipe Bárcena Laboratory of Parasitology, Santiago de Compostela University Santiago de Compostela, Spain Journal of Taphonomy 9 (1) (2011), 37-65. Manuscript received 4 January 2011, revised manuscript accepted 8 May 2011. Introduction Human-carnivore interaction is a frequently recorded phenomenon in Pleistocene archaeological sites, resulting in both anthropic and carnivore modification of bones. This situation has prompted the study of carnivore impact on bones, aiming at differentiating carnivore taxa in order to develop a useful diagnostic framework for their identification in the fossil record. Taphonomically, hyaenids are the most frequently studied carnivores; from Hughes