ESTIMATION OF HEDONIC RESPONSES FROM DESCRIPTIVE
SKIN SENSORY DATABY CHI-SQUARE MINIMIZATION
I.F. ALMEIDA
1
, A.R. GAIO
2,3
and M.F. BAHIA
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto
Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal
2
Department of Pure Mathematics
Faculty of Science, University of Porto
Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Accepted for Publication October 25, 2005
ABSTRACT
Six topical formulations were evaluated by a trained panel according to
a descriptive analysis methodology and by a group of consumers who rated the
products on a hedonic scale. We present a new approach that describes the
categorical appreciation of appearance, texture and skinfeel of the formula-
tions by the consumers as a function of related sensory attributes assessed
by the trained panel. For each hedonic attribute, a latent random variable
depending on the sensory attributes is constructed and made discrete (in a
nonlinear fashion) according to the distribution of consumer-hedonic scores in
such a way as to minimize a corresponding chi-square criterion. Standard
partial least squares (PLS) regression, bootstrapping and cross-validation
techniques describing the overall liking of the hedonic attributes as a function
of associated sensory attributes were also applied.
Results from both methods were compared, and it was concluded that
chi-square minimization can work as a complementary method to the PLS
regression.
INTRODUCTION
Skin-care products can be clinically effective and yet unacceptable to
consumers. Besides presenting a biological effect, they are also expected to
convey a sensory message to the consumer. It is often difficult to understand
why some products are not perceived to be as acceptable as others in the
3
Corresponding author. TEL: (351) 220 100 715; FAX: (351) 220 100 708; EMAIL: argaio@fc.up.pt
Journal of Sensory Studies 21 (2006) 2–19. All Rights Reserved.
© 2006, The Author(s)
Journal compilation © 2006, Blackwell Publishing
2