Effect of high energy Ar-ion milling on surface of quenched low-carbon
low-alloyed steel
Tibor Berecz
1,a
, Szilvia Kalácska
2,b
, Gábor Varga
2,c
, Zoltán Dankházi
2,d
,
Károly Havancsák
2,e
1
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering
1111 Budapest, Bertalan Lajos utca 7., Hungary
2
Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Materials Physics
1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a.
a:
berecz@eik.bme.hu (corresponding author);
b:
kalacska@metal.elte.hu;
c:
bagoj@caesar.elte.hu;
d:
z.dankhazi@szft.elte.hu;
e:
hkaroly@caesar.elte.hu
Keywords: Specimen preparation, Ion milling, SEM, EBSD.
Abstract. Surface preparation for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements requires a
lot of time and experience. We chose a lath martensitic iron based alloy to demonstrate the
efficiency of ion polishing techniques. The average image quality (IQ) values from the EBSD
measurements were assigned to be the characteristic parameter for surface goodness. The ideal ion
sputtering time and the angle of incidence were determined, and the corresponding inverse pole
figure (IPF) and IQ maps were compared to the mechanical polishing treatment.
Introduction
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) play a key
role in the experimental research work of materials science and solid state physics. At the same
time, however to a different extent, both methods request demanding sample preparation. The
traditional sample preparation techniques, such as mechanical or electro-polishing methods can
hardly satisfy all demands, and they are usually time consuming treatments. The mechanical surface
treatment has another drawback; after grinding and polishing an amorphous layer of 1-100 nm
thickness remains on the surface. The name of this amorphous layer is the Beilby layer [1]. The
removal of this layer is difficult or needs long time careful mechanical treatments.
These are the reasons that in the last decades a new promising technique has been spreading.
This new method is based upon the ion milling, the physical basic of which is the sputtering of
atoms. Different ion beam methods have been used in the last decades for TEM lamella thinning or
to prepare flat sample surface and cross sectional specimens for SEM measurements. These
methods use either low energy (0,1-2 keV) or relatively high energy (2-10 keV) ions of inert gases
(e.g. Ar
+
, Kr
+
) or some ions of metallic origin, as for instance Ga
+
ions in the focused ion beam
(FIB) technique. Ion milling is the erosion of solid surfaces due to ion bombardment. During ion
milling the incident ions transfer energy to the atoms of the target through collisions. If the target
atoms gain sufficient energy (more than the surface binding energy) then they escape from the
surface. The rate of this erosion depends mainly on the material of the target (via surface binding
energy) and the energy density given to the surface target atoms. This energy density depends on
the mass, the energy, and the direction of the incident ion beam [2, 3].
The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is an optional application in scanning electron
microscopy to characterize the grain parameters, the texture and phase features of a polycrystalline
material. In an EBSD measurement the SEM sample is tilted at ~70°. The result of a diffraction
measurement is the so called Kikuchi pattern detected by a special detector containing a high
resolution fluorescent screen and a CCD camera behind it. The Kikuchi pattern contains Kikuchi
Materials Science Forum Vol. 812 (2015) pp 285-290
© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.812.285
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
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