Universal Journal of Geoscience 6(2): 47-54, 2018 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujg.2018.060203
On the Geomorphology and Tectonic Position of
Ciletuh-Jampang Area, West Java, Indonesia
Iyan Haryanto, Adjat Sudradjat
*
Faculty of Engineering Geology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
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Abstract The Ciletuh-Jampang area is located in the
western tip of the Southern Mountain of West Java,
Indonesia. The area is presently well publicized in an effort
to bring the unique geological characteristics exposed in
this particular place to become the Global Geopark
Network (GGN) of UNESCO. Ciletuh area exhibits a rare
mega-aphitheater morphology. Stratigraphically West Java
composed of clastic sediments of continental and volcanic
island arc origin with the interruption of sub-aerial
volcanic rocks and the coastal reefs banks developed along
the coasts both in the north and the south. The age of the
rock ranges between Eocene to Recent. The analysis of
regional structure shows that a set of deep seated faults was
recognized dominating the area in NNW-SSE and
NNE-SSW directions. The released faulting occurred in
E-W direction. The low angle shallow upthrustings facing
north of skin structure in E-W direction dominate the upper
part of the rock sequence. The structural analysis revealed
the continuous prevailing stress field in SSW-NNE
direction since Eocene time. The advancing landslides are
readily observable in the rim of the amphitheater of Ciletuh.
This phenomenon seems to demonstrate the initial stage
(primarumpf) of the geomorphologic cycle taking into
account the flat surface of Jampang area in the
surroundings. Further investigations revealed the
geomorphologic evidences of the formation of plateau,
namely the erosion surface, old terraces, mountain tables,
old beach ridges and the characteristics of drainage pattern.
Two remnants of main plateau were recognized in
Ciletuh-Jampang area, namely Bentang Plateau and
Jampang Plateau. Further investigations show that at least
five locations of plateau were identified in western part of
Java Island, namely Dieng Plateau (+ 2,000 m),
Pengalengan Plateau (+1,300 m), Bentang Plateau (+ 1,000
m), Jongrangan Plateau (+ 850 m) and Jampang Plateau (+
700 m). A rough estimation reveals the annual rate of
lifting in Java Island since Pliocene time ranges most likely
between 5.0 and 5.4cm.
Keywords Amphitheater, Initial Stage, Plateau,
Uplifting, Skin Tectonics
1. Introduction
Ciletuh-Jampang area is located in southern part of West
Java. Geographically it extends from the longitudes of
106
0
20’ to 107
0
00’ East and the latitudes of 07
0
00’ to
07
0
45’ South (Figure 1). To the west the area is bounded
by Banten Province, to the South by the open sea of
Indian Ocean, whilst to the North and East it has common
boundaries with Bogor and Cianjur Residencies
respectively. The area is located about the same distances
from Jakarta, the capital city and from Bandung the
Province city, namely 125 kilometers away.
The investigated area is covered mainly by rubber and
tea plantations. Recently the coconut palm replaces the
old rubber plants. Due to the difficult access the area
remains relatively virgin. The rare turtle of the Indian
Ocean used to lay their eggs in the white sandy beaches in
the investigated area. Fishermen live in the embayment of
the coastal area. The arable land is limited to the valleys
in the vicinity of the coast.
The off-road vehicle is the mode of transportation from
Pelabuhan Ratu a local fisherman’s harbor located about
25 kilometers NNE of the investigated area. The other
access is by fishing boat directly from Pelabuhan Ratu. In
the rough sea at the western monsoon however, the sea
transportation might be inconvenient.
The terrain mostly consists of rugged topography,
geologically known as Southern Mountains. At the crest
of the mountain, a rather flat topography however exists.
The Southern Mountain composes of Miocene volcanics
with the interruptions of clastics sediments deposited in
the shallow marine environment. An escarpment of
Cimandiri fault bounds the topography from the relatively
smooth Quaternary volcanic terrain in the North.
Ciletuh-Jampang area is intensively investigated to
obtain the recognition as the candidate of the Global