Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 20, No. 4, December 2021
Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Society-SBMO received 18 Jan 2021; for review 18 Jan 2021; accepted 3 May 2021
Brazilian Society of Electromagnetism-SBMag © 2021 SBMO/SBMag
ISSN 2179-1074
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742021v20i4254770 763
Abstract— In this work we propose a new method to separate iron
losses by removing low frequency tests and reducing the number of
experiments. The article deals with methodologies that use
numerical methods to find the mathematical model coefficients of
magnetic loss separation in hysteresis loss (Wh), eddy current loss
(Wed) and excess loss (Wex). Three methodologies are presented and
depend on experimental tests such as (i) varying magnetic induction
Bm and constant supply frequency (f) of 50 Hz, (ii) constant
magnetic induction around 1 T and varying frequency. The first
methodology is based on Newton’s method to solve the numerical
system generated with experimental data from two laboratory
experiments. These data were reported in past references. Another
two methodologies are based on genetic algorithms (GA). One of
them depends on experimental data from both experiments and the
another depends on experimental data only from experiment (i).
Results indicate that genetic algorithms method presents excellent
solutions in comparison with other ones. The GA method with two
tests allows a better representation of the experimental behavior of
the sample with maximum errors varying from 1.10% to 0.20%. In
GA method with one test, minimization varied from 6.924 x 10
-05
to
3.186 x 10
-05
.
Index Terms— Genetic algorithms, iron losses, Newton’s method.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electrical machines have ferromagnetic material core whose magnetic behavior has been
investigated extensively [1]-[17]. Such studies model the magnetic behavior of the material, describe
magnetic hysteresis phenomena and allow formulations for representing magnetic losses. Iron losses
have been studied and there are steel test benches for electrical purposes operating with frequency
variation, but do not allow ignoring dynamic losses. Iron losses are of key importance since they
affect the design of electrical machines. In the last five years researches have been performed [1]-[3]
in order to propose new iron losses models; they are compared with existing ones. In [1] the
prediction of excess loss from three models were compared: two models on frequency domain and
third one in time domain. The accuracy of the models was tested in sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal
magnetic flux waveform. In [2] an iron loss model was developed considering the temperature
influence on hysteresis and eddy current losses. The measured iron losses have shown that hysteresis
and eddy current losses vary linearly with temperatures between 40 and 100 ºC. The advantage of this
model is its utility on the analysis of electromagnetic and thermal coupling for predicting iron loss and
A New Method for Iron Loss Separation
Filomena B. R. Mendes
1
, Fredy M. S. Suárez
1
, Nelson J. Batistela
2
, Jean V. Leite
2
,
Nelson Sadowski
2
, João P. A. Bastos
2
1
UTFPR, DAELE, DAMAT, Pato Branco PR, 85503-390, Brazil, filomena@utfpr.edu.br, fredy@utfpr.edu.br,
2
GRUCAD, EEL, UFSC, Florianópolis SC, PO. Box 476, 88040-970, Brazil, jhoe.batistela@ufsc.br,
jean.vianei@ufsc.br, nelson.sadowski@ufsc.br, assumpcao.bastos@ufsc.br