© October 2021| IJIRT | Volume 8 Issue 5 | ISSN: 2349-6002 IJIRT 152984 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 694 Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance of Urine Culture Isolates Sadhvi Paliwal 1 , Manoj Kumar Mishra 2 , Kalpana Sharma 3 1,2 Research Scholar, Motherhood University, Roorkee, India 3 Professor, Faculty of Science, Motherhood University, Roorkee, India Abstract - Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity and among the most common healthcare associated infections. In this study we described the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nosocomial and community acquired UTI isolates from a Novus Path Labs, India and Nepal and its Associates Hospitals. All patients with a positive urine culture were enrolled. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with disk diffusion and E-test MIC. During the study period, 456 isolates were obtained from urine cultures, from a total of 8818 collected sets, among which 291 were felt to represent true bacteremia and 98 were nosocomial. Acinetobacter spp. were the most frequently isolated agents in the hospital and community acquired UTIs (32%), followed by Escherichia coli (13.7%) and KleUTIella spp. (12%). The most effective antibiotics for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were ciprofloxacin (13% resistance rate) and vancomycin and oxacillin (with 13% resistance rate), respectively. Analysis of antibiotic resistance pattern showed that 20.43% of Acinetobacter spp. and 15.4% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were multi drug resistant (MDR), while 48.7% of KleUTIella spp were ESBL- producing isolates and 15% of Staphylococcus aureus were oxacillin-resistant. Not observe any vancomycin- resistant strains among isolates of S. aureus. Index Terms - Urinary tract infection, bacterial infection, antibiotics, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity and among the most common healthcare associated infections. Wide spectrums of organisms have been described and this spectrum is subject to geographical alteration (Diekma DJ, 2003). In a prospective multicenter study of UTI, Weinstein et al. noted substantial changes in the microbiology, epidemiology and clinical and prognostic significance of positive urine cultures over a 20-year period. They found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli continued to be the most common etiologic agents of UTI and noted important increases in UTI due to coagulase-negative staphylococcus, fungi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (community acquired) (Winn W, 2006). One of the more alarming recent trends in infectious diseases is the increasing frequency of antimicrobial resistance among microbial pathogens causing nosocomial and community- acquired infections. Numerous classes of antimicrobial agents have become less effective as a result of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, often as result of selective pressure of antimicrobial usage (Garg A, 2007). These resistance trends and the clinical significance and changing spectrum of microbial pathogens argue strongly for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Such a program will play a critical role in guiding physicians toward appropriate agents for use in the treatment of both community- and hospital-acquired UTI, as well as identifying changing patterns of etiologic agents and drug susceptibility. Most previous studies of UTI have been performed in temperate developed countries. These studies have mainly focused on nosocomial infections, especially those acquired in an intensive care unit (Tien HC, 2007). In the present study we described the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired UTI isolates from a Novus Path Labs, India and Nepal and its Associates Hospitals (Munoz-Price L, 2008). MATERIALS AND METHOD All clinical and laboratory data were prospectively collected. The initial data including age, sex, underlying disease, source of infection, nosocomial