International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 4/Issue 11/November 2021 1 © 2021, IJASRW, All right reserved https://www.ijasrw.com Ethnomathematics: Phylogenetic Analysis versus Image Processing Analysis in Determining Geometric Patterns of Ikat weaving in Lake Sebu, Philippines Ramil Arciosa 1 & Rogie Tuando 2 1 College of Teacher Education(CTE), Sultan Kudarat State University, Tacurong City, Philippines 2 DepEd- SHS LakeSebu, South Cotabato, Philippines Email Id: mcmaril2017@gmail.com or ramilarciosa@sksu.edu.ph DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5727777 Abstract Ikat weaving has long existed as among the customs and traditions of the ancient people known as T’boli in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. It still exists and utilizes the rich natural and vast resources of the land of Dreamweaver who are considered as the major indigenous people in the island of Mindanao. T’nalak, as they call this ikat weaving, also exists in some parts of South East Asian countries. This study combines descriptive and non-parametric statistics in determining the presence of mathematics in one of their finest works, the hand-woven T’nalak, known as Bed Henda, and one of fifty (50) designs of T’nalak. The coded images formed using the phylogenetic motif and computerized image process in analyzing the Bed Henda geometric patterns have almost the same shape. Its inner shape there is a diamond or oblong type, while, its outer shape is hexagonal or an elongated irregular shape. Keywords: Ikat weaving, T’nalak, Bed Henda, Phylogenetic Analysis, Image processing Analysis Introduction Long ago, Ikat weaving symbolized the uniqueness of some ethnolinguistic groups all over the world. In the Philippines, particularly on the Island of Mindanao, members of the T'boli tribe are known as Ikat weavers. The abundance of fiber resources like abaca fashioned into fabric in the area where the T’boli live has become a source of livelihood for the people. The weaving skills and technology were handed down through generations. (Mckenna, 2000), defined word “Ikat” comes from the Malay word “ Mengikat” meaning “ to tie” or “ to bind’. Ikat weaving is , therefore, the technique in which the weaver weaves a set length of yarn from abaca( by binding the yarn). The T'boli tribe came from the descendants of the Manobo tribe which means "river people." According to Tionzon & Barrios(1994) that the Manobo belongs to the original stock of Proto-Philippine or Proto- Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace building people of Northern Luzon. The migration of tribes from one place to another brought many things in common like the textile weaving of Ifugao in Luzon down to the T’boli in Mindanao and eventually spread all over the Philippines. The preservation of Ikat weav ing is still very pronounced in the T'boli culture. They already produced a National Artist - Lang Dulay. T’nalak is weaved with the use of a loom, while, the different and unique designs are based on a dream. Further Eglash (2000), elaborated that culture and mathematics have something in common, in every geographical area, every human group, and every historical moment in the world, hence, the subject of this study. The Philippines is very rich in culture and arts among the Indigenous People (IPs) who believe that the first man and woman arrived in these thousands of islands. These IPs are composed mostly of the people of the Philippines. Their Indigenous Knowledge, Systems, and Practices (IKSPs) signified their true bloodedness as Filipinos from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. According to the study of Delas Peñas (2016), a mathematical analysis provides an anthropological perspective of funeral textile of the indigenous communities of Northern Luzon. She noted that asymmetry analysis was performed based on principles of group theory and transformation geometry on the various repeating patterns found in funeral garments and blankets. Further, she concluded that particular Frieze groups and plane crystallographic groups were given favor due to their choice of motifs that reflect cultural beliefs and funeral tradition as well as weaving style and methodology. Rubio (2016) found out that ethnomathematics is not only in textile weaving daily practices like counting, ciphering, measuring, classifying, ordering, inferring, and modeling patterns ( weaving called apugan) but also in customs and practices which signified the presence of ethnoscience or ethnomath. Mindanao island, the second-largest island of the Philippines is composed of more than ten Indigenous People groups,(IPs), and, most well known nationally and internationally are the IP group of T’boli of L ake Sebu, South Cotabato. Their well-known Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSPs) is the T’nalak weaving woven by their artists called Dreamweavers. The most important of all the unpublished theses of Barroca (2010) of Mindanao State University is that the T’nalak weaving has mathematical geometric figures, particularly in freeze and plane crystallographic patterns. In Indonesia, where Pramudita & Rosnawati (2019) explored the ethnomathematics in Java, they found out that traditional houses,