(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2021 Augmented Reality based Adaptive and Collaborative Learning Methods for Improved Primary Education Towards Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) A F M Saifuddin Saif 1 Department of Computer Science American International University -Bangladesh Zainal Rasyid Mahayuddin 2 , Azrulhizam Shapi'i 3 Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract—Existing primary education is not organized properly to fulfil the demand of fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) which causes lack of engagement in learning materials, lack of spatial ability and motivation towards learning by young age students. Students especially from initial education level tend to learn from seeing rather than reading or memorizing. In this context, technology like augmented reality and virtual reality bears such visual power in lieu with interactivity and engaging characteristics by bringing virtual and real world together. In addition, flexible presentation mechanisms in lieu with tagging and tracking technology with various degree of freedom provide the effective ground of augmented reality and virtual reality to integrate with current primary education or initial level of education. In this context, this research presents comprehensive and critical reviews in the previous research in terms with several aspects such as methods, research design and experimental validation. Each of the aspects is demonstrated with adequate advantages and disadvantages to design the integration of augmented reality and virtual reality with primary education methodology. In addition, this research illustrates extensive critical explanation for various challenges to integrate augmented reality and virtual reality with primary education to make students motivated towards education, effective activity and memorization with visualization. The overall investigation proposed in this research is expected to fulfil the future demand for Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). Keywords—Augmented reality; virtual reality; adaptive and collaborative learning; fourth industrial revolution I. INTRODUCTION Education is a continuous learning process which should include not only traditional class activities, learning process should be creative and interactive to meet the demand of fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) so that students will not feel demotivated towards learning. Besides, way of acquisition of education should be through discussion, research, training which should be fun and interesting. However, current initial level of education system seems to abandon the main idea about education and learning process to lean towards memorizing and rote learning. Traditional primary education is based on two-dimensional materials and does not provide any of these opportunities. Children aged from 5-11 are the ones who goes to primary schools and considered to be future hope, are losing their hope from learning. As a result, dropout rates are growing day-by-day and students are lacking behind in lieu with not being able to show their creativity. To keep the children focused, motivated, creative and to keep their enthusiasm alive, changes needs to be brought in the way of delivering education to the children which demands to opt for technology integration with primary education. To integrate technology with primary education, researchers need to take account more on visualization and boosting engagement of students. Technology with such visualization power as well as interactivity is Augmented Reality, which bring virtual and real world together by putting digital information on the world. Existing research has been engaged in finding ways to integrate augmented reality with education system and achieved positive results. However, most of them were integrated with college or higher studies. Previous research on augmented reality with education medium and positive results so far gained by the previous research encourage this research to depict critical and comprehensive reviews to integrate augmented Reality with primary education system. Augmented Reality and virtual reality is an advanced technology which connects virtual and physical world around us by superimposing digital information like sound, images or objects which can be seen with the help of regular handheld devices like mobile phones, tablets, laptops. All the positive characteristics of augmented reality make it dynamic and perfect combination for technology-based education system. Students from primary education tend to learn things by visualizing not reading or memorizing them. Augmented Reality is perfect medium in this context which provides a great deal of visualization with digital information as well as let students interact with the system so that contents can be taught in groups. AR in classroom is expected to be helpful to capture student’s attention towards the learning and make them feel more engaging with other students and teacher as well [1] due to some factors, i.e. enhance environment and help with discovery-based leaning and increased student’s spatial ability and motivate them towards learning. This research aims to illustrate various methods in terms with integrating AR technology with primary education level. For the opportunities provided by augmented reality and virtual reality, AR has been used in college and higher education level in the previous research. The results from their researches illustrates that augmented reality and virtual reality has shown a promising result, better understanding of the 614 | Page www.ijacsa.thesai.org