Int J Environ Sci Nat Res 26(1): IJESNR.MS.ID.556180 (2020)
0032
Remark on Cut-Flower Residue Misuse: The
Case of Anano Village, Adami Tullu Jido
Kombolcha Woreda, Ethiopia
Short Communications
Volume 26 Issue 1 - October 2020
DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2020.26.556180
Int J Environ Sci Nat Res
Copyright © All rights are reserved by Biruk Gobena
Biruk Gobena* and Yohannis Fetene
Ethiopian Environment & Forest Research Institute, Environmental Pollution Management Research Directorate, Ethiopia
Submission: September 04, 2020; Published: October 02, 2020
*Corresponding author: Biruk Gobena, Ethiopian Environment & Forest Research Institute, Environmental Pollution Management Research
Directorate, P.O. Box 33042, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Introduction
Floriculture is susceptible to pests, weed attacks, and fungal
diseases [1]. To control pests and diseases, pesticides (insecticides,
fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, growth regulators) are
being applied in cut flower industries. According to Tilahun [2]
& MoA [3] between 2007 and 2014, flower farms in Ethiopia
have imported 96 types of insecticides and nematicides and 105
types of fungicides [4]. Besides, some pesticides that entered the
flower industry are found on the WHO negative pesticide list and
prohibited/unknown on the European Union Pesticide Database
[5].
Cattles can be exposed to pesticides through the water as
well as when contaminated feedstuffs like cut flower residues are
fed to them. The cut flower residue is unwanted leafs and stems
removed from flower farms. It is estimated that up to 500 tons of
residues per hectare per year are generated from flower farms.
Among these, more than 30% of cut flower farm industries dispose
of this green waste (cut flower residue) open field carelessly [2].
Such practice will increase the chance of contaminants to reach
the food chain through cattle when it will be utilized as feedstuff.
A wide range of organic and inorganic compounds may
occur in feedstuffs, including pesticides and heavy metals.
Pesticides that may contaminate feeds originate from most of
the major groups, including organochlorine, organophosphate,
and pyrethroid compounds. Although pesticides are potentially
toxic to farm livestock, the primary focus of concern centers on
residues in animal products destined for human consumption
[6]. Plants grown in farms where pesticides are applied may thus
become contaminated and consequently, pesticide residues are
transferred to milk when these plants are fed to cows [7]. Several
studies in tropical areas showed positive milk samples [8].
Pesticides can cause many types of harmful effects. It can cause
acute effects such as nerve, skin, and eye irritation and damage,
headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, abdominal pain,
and systemic poisoning. Major acute effects can cause respiratory
problems, nervous system disorders, and aggravation of pre-
existing conditions such as asthma [9]. It can also cause chronic
effects like brain cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, non-Hodgkin
lymphoma, mutagenic effects, teratogenic effect, prostate cancer,
liver damage, reproductive disorder, damage to hormone-
producing glands, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson
disease, multiple chemical sensitivity [1,6].
Hence, in this note, the authors have tried to communicate the
malpractice of cut flower residue use as feedstuff in Anano Village.
Abstract
It is believed that cut flower industries use more than 201 types of chemicals to control pests and diseases. About 500 tons of residues per
hectare per year are generated from a flower farm. These residues are mainly contaminated unwanted leaf and stem which are disposed of in
various ways. The cross-sectional study was performed to assess the cut flower residue use in Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha Woreda in May
2019. Data was collected through field observation and interviews. The inhabitants of the Anano village reported that they are using untreated
cut flower residues to feed cattle due to scarcity of food, especially during the dry season. And they perceive that it will fatten the cattle and have
no side effect. The concerned official should give special focus to solve cattle’s food security problem of the village and create awareness about
its possible adverse effect of such practice.
Keywords: Control pests; Floriculture; Pesticides; Organochlorine; Organophosphate; Pyrethroid compounds