Research Article
Large-Scale Channel Modeling and Measurements for 10GHz in
Indoor Environments
Iury S. Batalha , Andréia V. R. Lopes, Jasmine P. L. Araújo, Fabrício J. B. Barros,
Bruno L. S. Castro, Gervásio P. S. Cavalcante, and Evaldo G. Pelaes
LCT, UFPA, Belem 66045-110, Brazil
Correspondence should be addressed to Iury S. Batalha; iurybatalha@gmail.com
Received 31 August 2018; Accepted 11 November 2018; Published 23 January 2019
Guest Editor: Peter Excell
Copyright © 2019 Iury S. Batalha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
With the advent of 5G mobile communication and researches into the propagation of large-scale channel modeling for frequencies
above 6 GHz, measurement investigation was performed at 10 GHz with horn-type directional antennas in a corridor and a
computer room within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories’ first floor, at Federal University of Pará (UFPA),
Brazil. This paper presents data obtained through experimental work, channel modeling with co-polarization V-V and H-H and
cross-polarization V-H in line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. The large-scale close-in reference is
sustained by a comprehensive analysis, considering propagation mechanisms such as reflection and diffraction. Results
demonstrate that the established model had inferior standard deviation in relation to measured data, proving itself more
significant to propagation in indoor environments.
1. Introduction
The considerable quantity of bandwidth available in
frequency bands above 6 GHz is an attractive resource to
provide multi-Gigabit per second (Gbps) data rates. Such
resource would alleviate the traffic flow of mobile data in
lower frequency bands, such as those below 6 GHz [1, 2].
With the advent of the new generation of mobile commu-
nication (5G), there is a great deal of research taking place
into the development to provide recommendations. One of
its branches of study lies within the millimetric waves,
resulting in works above 6 GHz [3–6]. Frequencies within
3 to 30 GHz (SHF: Super High Frequency) and 30 to
300 (EHF: Extremely High Frequency) bands present
similar propagation characteristics, classifying them as
millimetric wave (mmWave) bands [4, 5]. Therefore, it is
fundamental to know the mmWave channel’s propagation
characteristics for the development of fifth generation
mobile and wireless communication systems—5G [7].
These channel propagation characteristics can be defined
through path loss models, in large scale, that predict the
propagation signal’s attenuation according to distance. They
are important for developing more efficient communication
systems, to optimize the positioning of transmitting antennas
and assist on future telecommunication system projects [8].
For indoor environments, there are several structural
questions that influence signal behavior, such as construc-
tion materials utilized in the building, size of buildin-
g/rooms/corridors, number of people circulating inside the
room, furniture types and placement, and interference with
other systems. They confine the waves within the environ-
ment, leading to more reflective components and multiple
paths for the signal to propagate, as well as crossing of walls
(diffraction) and other types of obstacles [9].
A wireless system requires extensive research and com-
prehension of its propagation channels. Even though a large
number of investigations have been undertaken into chan-
nels below 6 GHz, there are campaigns aiming at measuring
and modeling of 5G channels at 10 to 28 GHz and 30 to
72 GHz bands [5, 10–15], presented by institutes such as
New York University (NYU) and the Mobile and Wireless
Community Enablers for the Twenty-Twenty Information
Society (METIS)—the former created with the sole purpose
to standardize 5G systems [16, 17]. The METIS report
Hindawi
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Volume 2019, Article ID 9454271, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9454271