Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(6): 1146-1152, 2009
© 2009, INSInet Publication
Corresponding Author: Dickens E. Dolor, Department of Forestry & Wildlife, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria.
E-mail: dickensdolor@ yahoo.co.uk.
1146
Effect of Propagation Media on the Rooting of Leafy Stem Cuttings of Irvingia
wombolu (Vermoesen).
Dickens E. Dolor, Felix O. Ikie and Godwin U. Nnaji
1 2 2
Department of Forestry & Wildlife, Delta State University Asaba, Nigeria.
1
Department of Agronomy, Delta State University Asaba, Nigeria.
2
Abstract: The effect of propagation media on the rooting potentials of juvenile stem cuttings of Irvingia
wombolu was assessed in an experiment conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Delta State
University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria. Seven different propagation media namely fine sand (FS), a 50:50
mixture of fine sand and sawdust (FS+SD), medium sand (MS), a 50:50 mixture of medium sand and
sawdust (MS+SD), coarse sand (CS), a 50:50 mixture of coarse sand and sawdust (CS+SD), and sawdust
(SD) were used for the experiment. The results revealed a significant (P = 0.05) effect of media on
rooting percentage with fine sand recording 52.7 %, coarse sand + sawdust (51.6 %), Medium sand +
sawdust (48.9 %), medium sand (46.1 %), fine sand + sawdust (43.9 %), coarse sand (42.9 %) and
sawdust (41.5 %). Similarly, root length and cutting mortality were significantly (P < 0.002) influenced
by media. From the results of this study, fine sand is recommended as an appropriate media for optimum
rooting of I. wombolu stem cuttimgs. However, coarse sand-sawdust mixture may be an alternative.
Key words: Irvingia wombolu, vegetative propagation, soil media.
INTRODUCTION
The tropical rainforest of West and Central Africa
are endowed with high value multipurpose trees. Many
rural household of these regions depend heavily on
these resources for their food, medicinal and
construction needs . Irvingia. gabonensis and I.
[1,5,6,25,33]
wombolu have enormous potential, both in economic
terms and as species for sustainable production . The
[2]
trees are valuable sources of income for West and
Central African farmers through the sales of kernels
which fetch a price higher than the fruits .
[5]
The high value of the species to farmers , long
[18]
gestation period of seed sown trees , poor
[19,30]
germination capacity , variability of fruits, kernel
[31]
characteristics and tree size and limited knowledge
[19,34]
base , indicates the need for improvement of the
[37]
species for domestication. Vegetative propagation may
greatly facilitate the process of domestication of
Irvingia and other fruit trees by enabling the rapid
multiplication of selected genotypes and the production
of superior planting stock , and shortening
[13,22, 24,28]
fruiting time for farmers . It is against this backdrop
[30]
that efforts are being made to domesticate this species
through participatory approaches which places greater
emphasis on the social and economic needs of the
farmer by involving them in all the stages of the
domestication process, which include identifying the
improvement objective they desire and the rapid
multiplication of selected genotype and production of
superior planting stock for farmers through clonal
means. A wide variety of factors may influence the
rooting ability of a number of tropical
trees . According to Loach , the
[10,11,17,20,21,27,28] [26]
percentage rooting and the quality of the roots
produced are directly influenced by the medium, which
is an integral part of the propagation system. Poor
rooting might be a consequence of the rooting media
used and despite its apparent disadvantages, pure sand
has recently become more popular for economic
reasons .
[17]
This study was to assess the effect of different media
on the rooting of the juvenile stem cuttings of I.
wombolu.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was carried out at the Delta State
University, Asaba Campus (06º14´N and 06º49´E) in
Oshimili South local Government Area of Delta State,
Nigeria. Asaba lies in the tropical rainforest zone with
annual rainfall range of 1500mm to 1849.3mm. Mean
temperature are 23.3ºCelsius with a maximum of
37.3ºCelsius. Mean monthly soil temperature at 100cm
depth and sunshine is 28.3ºCelsius and 4.8 hours
respectively .
[4]
A propagation unit was established in the
Department of Forestry and Wildlife for the
experiments. The propagator consisted of a metal frame
measuring 3.05m x 6.10m x 2.14m and enclosed in a