Vibrant v.18 Global Anthropological Dialogues e18802 http://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412021v18a802 Dossier Anthropology on Latin America and the Caribbean today: New Theoretical and Methodological Challenges Populism, inequality, and the construction of the “other”: an anthropological approach to the far right in Brazil Rebecca Lemos Igreja 1 1 Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Estudos Latino-Americanos, Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Direito, Brasília/DF, Brasil Abstract Starting from the discussion about the contributions of anthropological perspectives to the study of the extreme right, the article proposes to present some initial analysis about this political ideology in Brazil. It focuses on the construction of the sociocultural and ideological profle of the Bolsonaro government. Specifcally, the goal is analysing the form in which the Brazilian government redefnes and considers ethnic-racial identities and how it builds its own identity by opposing them. In this sense, this article addresses indigenous alterity, seeking to observe how it is re-signifed in Bolsonaro’s project. Observing this encounter between the far-right and otherness in the Brazilian context allows to verify values and meanings it gives to cultural plurality, the imaginaries and social representations it builds, and from this to understand how it presents itself and which project of society it defends. Keywords: Far-right; radicalism; extremism; Bolsonaro; indigenous alterity; anthropology of extreme-right. 1